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Thanks in advance. This is a list of similar Glosa words with same or similar meanings. Mostly they differ in the ending vowel. This state was not acceptable and cried for a solution.
So the list below was assembled and sent to Glosa author Wendy Ashby. Her answers and suggestions are printed in red.
The changes I made on the dictionary then follow in green. I tried hard to satisfy Wendy's ideas respectfully and to keep the spirit of Glosa. I tried to put all her suggestions into the Internet Dictionary: I marked the prefered words. Only they have been taken into the Core Dictionary, what is the prefereable vocabulary. And I marked the words to be avoided with an "X" and/or with short comments "... {=...}" or "... {prefer ...}" to guide the Dictionary user to the better words. Some of my changes below seem not to belong directly to the "Similar Synonym", but have been necessary, that all fits together.
After this work done, about 400 errors or inconsistencies are removed from the Glosa vocabulary and we have made a big step forward, I believe.
The list below is certainly not complete. Please tell me, when
you find other errors, inconsistencies, strange things in the
dictionary and write to
.
Thanks in advance.
"Central-list" means the word list of the book "Central Glosa", p. 25-56.
Technical notes:
Unfortunately this file is illegal HTML-code! Sorry. I hope, your
browser can display it, though.
This file uses some Greek characters. When you see no Greek
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gamma='γ'), your browser does not support them.
Marcel Springer
abandona and abandoni (abandon/ verlassen):
"abandona 1 abandon; desert {v}; leave alone"
"abandoni {=abandona} X abandon; desert {v}"
absorba and sorbe (suck in/ einsaugen):
"absorba suck in" added "{=sorbe} X" (Latin sorbEre and absorbEre,
English absorbEnt, so it should not be absorbA, so prefer sorbE.).
"sorbe absorb; suck in".
acepta and cepti (accept):
cepti (1000), acepti not really necessary. Ron put extra words in
for literary people for use in Mega Glosa (MG) - eg. a gives another
letter to the word if poet wants to keep a certain rhythm. He also
considered final vowel un-important - can be left off, eg. melan e
leuko to shorten phrase or alter final vowel for required rhythm up
to personal style. Thus gra (short 1000 Central) but also gramini
Latin. grasti is a Greek alternative.
"acepta accept" added comment "{prefer cepti} X".
"acepti {prefer cepti} accept" item added.
adamanta 1G (diamond/ Diamant) and adamanti (very hard/ sehr hart):
"adamanta 1++G diamond; hard [very ]"
"adamanti {=adamanta} X diamond; hard [very ]"
adresa and adresi (address/ Adresse):
"adresa 1+ address"
"adresi {=adresa} 1X address"
adusti and kausti and kombusti and ure and usti and usto
(to burn/brennen) and urens (burning/brennend), also: kauma (burning
heat/ brennende Hitze):
Adusti - I don't know this word. Should it be busti? As in
kombusti?
Final letter -i as in combustion and -tive endings.
piro Greek = fire/burn or busti = burn.
"adusti burn {v}; scorch" added "{=busti, prefer piro} X".
"busti 1 ablaze; alight; burn" added "{prefer piro}".
"kausti G burn {v}" added comment "{=busti, prefer piro}" and "X".
"kombusti burn {v}" added comment "{=busti, prefer piro}" and "X".
"ure burn {v}" added comment "{=busti, prefer piro} X".
"usti burn {v}; combust" added comment "{=busti, prefer piro} X".
"usto burn {v}; combust" added comment "{=busti, prefer piro} X".
"urens burning; stinging" added comment "{prefer piro}".
"kauma G burning heat" added "{better: piro-termo}".
administra and manea (manage/ managen):
administra (MG): 1000 can be manu, or duce (lead), kura (take care
of), ago (drive, lead). Depends on concept, when asking for
translation of a word I usually ask (as Ron did) 'give me the
sentence, then I'll know which choice of word is best. manu is
probably the most general, if no concept available.
manea is a handle, so is manu-ra. You can also have manu-pe.
"administra administrate; manage" added "{prefer manu, duce, kura or ago}".
"administra-pe administrator" added "{prefer manu-pe}".
"manu-pe 1++ administrator; manager" item added.
"manu 1 hand; hand over; pass {hand over}; smack" added meanings
"handle {manage}; manage" (because manu should be similar to manea).
"manea handle {manage}; manage" added "{prefer manu}".
adveni and eveni (happen/ sich ereignen), also acide:
adveni and eveni are MG, acide = 1000.
"adveni happen" added "{prefer acide}".
"eveni event; happen" added "{prefer acide}".
aegi and egi (goat/ Ziege), also kapri and hirkus:
Prefer kapri. egi and aegi = MG, Greek synonyms for literature.
"aegi G goat" added "{=egi, prefer kapri} X".
"egi G goat" added "{prefer kapri}".
"hirkus G goat" added "{prefer kapri}".
"kapra 1++ goat" becomes "kapra {=kapri} 1X goat".
"kapri goat" gets "1++".
aegroto and egroto (ill/ krank), also malada, pato:
aegroto is MG. Sadly a lot of our reference etymology books are
packed away. I have only tiny bedroom, so have no space. One book
'Wie sagt's der Arzt' lists Latin and Greek international (German)
words. Also Mackinson 'Fremdwörterlexikon' is useful. Posi tu ski:
aegrotat - may be similar in Deutsch??
(What do you think of ae oe diphtongs? egroto? or aegroto? All
letters pronounced in Glosa.)
pato = 1000 + general
"aegroto ill; sick" added "{=egroto, prefer pato} X".
"egroto ill; sick" added "{prefer pato}".
aepio and epio (tall/ groß):
(I take epio to avoid diphtong.)
"aepio G tall" added "{=epio, prefer alti} X" (a "Similar synonym",
prefered epio to avoid diphtong).
aeroplana and aeroplano (aeroplane/ Flugzeug):
aeroplana
"aeroplano aeroplane; airplane" added "{=aeroplana} X".
aestu and estu (heat/ Hitze), also termo, kalori, talpo,
termo = 1000, aestu = heat, fervour, passion agitated for MG only,
kalori = second best synonym, aestu and talpo more learned MG, Greek.
"aestu G fervor; fervour; heat" added meaning "passion" and comment
"{=estu, prefer termo} X".
"estu fervor; fervour; heat" added "{prefer termo} G" and meaning
"passion".
"talpo G heat; warmth" added "{prefer termo}".
"kalori 1+ heat; hot" added "{prefer termo}".
aetrio and etrio (bright/glänzend):
aetrio - cannot remember this one, will research.
"aetrio G bright" added "{=etrio} X".
afaire and afera:
"afaire {=afera, French} X business"
"afera {French} 1 business"
age and ago (drive, lead/ fahren, führen):
ago = drive, ago-pe = driver is shorter than duce-pe.
duce = 1000 CG. ago = Latin.
"age ++G drive; lead" changed to "age {=ago, prefer duce} X drive; lead"
"ago {=age} 1X drive; lead" changed to "ago {prefer duce} 1+ ...".
"duce 1++ conduct; guidance; guide; lead" added meaning "drive".
afekta, afekti, afektio, afektuoso (pretend/ vorstellen):
"afekta {=afekti} X affect; pretend"
"afekti 1+ affect; affection; fond of [be ]; loving; pretend"
"afektio {=afekti} X fond of [be ]"
"afektuoso {=afekti} X loving"
agrosti and gra and gramini and grasti (grass/ Gras):
gra = 1000, gramini and grasti MG.
"agrosti G grass" added "{=grasti, prefer gra} X".
"gra {=gramini} 1++ grass" changed to "gra 1++ grass". Same as
"grasti", so added meaning "fodder".
"gramini {=gra} 1+ grass" changed to "gramini {prefer gra} grass".
"grasti G fodder; grass" added "{prefer gra}".
akrobata and akrobati (acrobat/ Akrobat):
"akrobata acrobat" added "{=akrobati} X", while "akrobati 1+G acrobat"
remains.
akusti and audi (hear/ hören):
audi = 1000, akusti MG. Ron liked auskulta and
askolta for the Italian sound, but these are not international
for me.
"audi 1++ hark; hear; listen" changed to "hear; listen; hark".
"akusti 1+G hark; hear; listen" changed to "akusti {prefer audi} G
hear; listen; hark".
"auskulta listen" added "{Italian, take audi} X".
"askolta listen" added "{Italian, take audi} X".
akuto 1 (sharp, sharpen, shrill) and arguto (shrill):
akuto is from Latin acutus or the verb acuo, arguto is from Latin
argutus or the verb arguo.
"arguto shrill" added "{prefer akuto}".
alba and albi (white/ weiß):
alba = dawn MG (the sky brightens - becomes white). albi = white MG,
leuko = 1000.
"alba 1++ dawn; white" made to two items:
"alba dawn" and
"alba {=albi, prefer leuko} 1X white".
"albi white" added "{prefer leuko}".
"leuko 1G bleach; white" changed to "leuko 1++G white; bleach".
alelo and aleli (each other/ einander):
alelo
(Already corrected:
"aleli {=alelo} XG each other" and
"alelo 1++G each other")
alfa-beta and alfabeti (Alphabet):
Alfabeta
(Already corrected, but let hyphem:
"alfa-beta ++G alphabet"
"alfabeti {=alfa-beta} 1XG alphabet")
alopecia and vulpes (fox/ Fuchs):
vulpes - fox is first choice, alopecia MG.
"alopecia G fox" added "{prefer vulpes}".
alti (high/hoch, altitude/Höhe) and altitudi (altitude)
"alti 1++ altitude; high; aloft; height; lofty; tall",
"altitudi {take alti} X altitude".
amasa (amass/ an-, aufhäufen) and amaso (crowd; mass) and
masi 1 (heavy; mass; massive) misa (mass/ Messe):
misa = MG mass (religious), masi - lump, heap MG. mega, poli or
kumu = mass, lump, pile 1000.
Correction (later letter): masi - lump, heap, mass, massive heavy.
"misa mass" changed to "misa mass {religious}".
"amasa amass" changed to "amasa {=kumu, masi} X amass"
"amaso crowd; mass" changed to "amaso {=kumu, masi} X crowd; mass"
"masi 1++ heavy; mass; massive" added meanings "lump; heap", changed
"++" to "+".
"mega 1++G abundant; big; great; hearty; large; lot {n};
lot {many}; magnify; many; mass {many}; mega-; much; plenty" added
meanings "lump; pile".
"poli 1++G abundant; lot {many}; many; mass {many}; numerous; poly-"
added meanings "lump; pile".
"kumu 1++ accumulate; heap; hoard; pile" added meanings "crowd; mass; lump".
[German translations:
amass - an-, aufhäufen
lump - Klumpen, Schwellung, Geschwulst, Knoten
heap - Haufen, häufen
mass - Masse, Mehrzahl, sich (an)sammeln, (an)häufen
pile - Stapel, Stoß, Haufen, häufen, stapeln, aufschichten
crowd - (Menschen)Menge, sich drängen, bevölkern]
ambi and amfi (both/ beide):
ambi = 1000, amfi MG (amphibious), could also use bi in 1000.
"ambi {=pan, if two} 1+ both" changed to "ambi {alternative: pan or bi}
1+ both".
"amfi G both" added comment "{prefer ambi, or pan, bi}"
"bi 1++ two" added meaning "both".
ami (friend, friendly/ Freund, freundlich) and amika (friendly/
freundlich), also filemon:
ami = 1000, amika MG
"amika friendly" added comment "{prefer ami} X".
amikto and mesto (frilled/ kraus).
animala and animali (beast/ wildes Tier):
animala MG, zoa 1000
"animala animal; beast" added comment "{prefer zoa} X".
"animali 1++ animal; beast" changed to ""animali {=animala, prefer
zoa} X animal; beast"
"zoa 1++G animal" added meaning "beast".
ankira and ankora (anchor/ Anker):
(ankora also "still; yet". Items are:
"ankora {=ankira} 1XG anchor"
"ankira G anchor")
ansera and Anseri 1 (goose):
"ansera goose" added comment "{=Anseri} X".
antho and anto (flower/ Blume), also flori:
anto MG. antho- should have been in lower case in English column,
typing error. flori = 1000, flower.
"antho flower" item deleted. It is "anto".
"anto 1+G bloom; flower" changed to "anto {prefer flori} G bloom;
flower"
anunci and anuncia and nunci (announce/ bekanntmachen)
(Note: there are also Glosa words denunci-denounce and
pronunci-pronounce).
"anunci {=nunci} 1X announce; publish",
"anuncia {=nunci} 1X announce",
"nunci 1+ announce; publish".
aparata and aparatu (Apparat):
aparata = MG, ru/instrumenta = 1000.
"aparata apparatus" added comment "{prefer ru/instrumenta} and meaning
"tackle {n}".
"aparatu 1++ tackle {n}; apparatus" changed to
"aparatu {=aparatu, prefer ru/instrumenta} X apparatus; tackle {n}".
"instrumenta {=ru} 1++ implement; instrument; tool; utensil"
added meanings "apparatus; tackle {n}".
"ru[{-}] {=instRUmenta} 1++ implement; instrument; tool; utensil"
added meanings "apparatus; tackle {n}".
api and apis (bee/ Biene):
(apis is in Central-list, so it should be prefered. "apis 1++
bee" remains.)
"api 1 bee" added "{=apis} X".
"Api soni 1 hum" added "{=apis soni} X".
"apis soni 1* hum" item added.
"api-do 1 hive" added "{=apis-do} X".
"apis-do 1 hive" item added.
aplaude and plaude (applaud):
aplaude/plaude = MG applaud. lauda = 1000
"lauda 1++ approval; approve; pay tribute to; praise" added meaning
"applaud".
"aplaude applaud" added comment "{prefer lauda}".
"plaude applaud" added "{=aplaude, prefer lauda} X".
arakna G and arakni 1G (spider/ Spinne)
"arakna {=arakni} GX spider",
"arakni 1+G spider".
arca and arka (Bogen):
arca = arch/archway. arka = arc of circle, maths.
"arka 1+ arc; ark; bow {n}" made to two items: "arka 1 ark" and
"arka 1+ arc {of circle, maths}; bow {n}"
"arca 1++ arch" changed meaning to "arch {archway}; archway"
[German translations:
arc - Bogen
arch - Bogen, Gewölbe, Triumphbogen, (sich) wölben,
überwölben
archway - Triumphbogen
ark - Arche
bow {n} - Verbeugung; Bug; Bogen, Bügel, Schleife, Knoten]
aroga and aroganta (arrogant):
aroga = 1000 aroganta = MG
"aroganta arrogant" added "{=aroga} X"
arde and ardi (burn/ brennen):
"arde 1 burn {v}; burning"
"ardi {=arde} 1X burn {v}"
argila and argili (clay/ Keramik):
"argila 1 clay; mud"
"argili {=argila} 1X clay; mud"
arki and arko (official/ offiziell):
"arki 1++G authority; official {adj}; rule {authority}"
"arko {=arki} 1GX official {adj}"
artikula and artri (joint/ Verbindungsstelle) and artikla (article):
artri = 1000 artikula = MG
"artikula 1++ joint" changed to "artikula {=artri} 1X joint".
"artikula speak clearly" added "+" and meaning "articulate".
"artri 1+G joint" changed "+" to "++".
asila and asilu (safe place/ sicherer Ort):
asilu = 1000, also sekuri-lo, sekuri-do safe place
"asila {=asilu} 1XG asylum; harbor; haven; refuge; safe place; shelter"
added meaning "harbour".
"asilu 1++G asylum; harbor; haven; refuge; safe place; shelter"
added meaning "harbour".
"sekuri-lo 1+ asylum; refuge; safe place; shelter" item added.
"sekuri-do 1+ shelter" item added.
asini and asinu and asinus (ass/ Esel):
asinus = ass. MG. Delete asini 1000
"asini {=asinus} 1X ass {animal}; donkey".
"asinu {=asinus} 1X ass; donkey" removed "1".
"asinus 1++ ass; donkey" removed "1".
aska and aski and asko (bag/ Tasche):
"aska 1G bag; purse; sack"
"aski {=aska} X bag"
"asko {=aska} 1GX bag; purse; sack".
aspekti and aspekto (aspect/ Aspekt):
aspekto MG
"aspekti 1+ aspect" changed to "aspekti {=aspekto} X aspect".
"aspekto aspect" added "+".
astringe and konstrikti (draw together/ zusammenziehen), also sistelo
and striktu (drawn toghether):
astringe, konstrikti MG
(Nothing done.)
atenda 1 and atende 1 (await/ erwarten):
atende
(Nothing done. Items remain:
"atenda {=atende} 1X await; delay; wait; waiting"
"atende 1++ await; delay; wait; waiting")
atitude 1 and atitudi 1 (mood/ Stimmung):
"atitude 1+ attitude; character {nature}; disposition; mood; nature
{characteristics}; temper; temperament".
"atitudi {=atitude} 1X attitude; character {nature}; disposition;
mood; nature {characteristics}; temper; temperament".
atria and atrio and atriu (court, hall/ Hof, Halle):
Wendy Ashby, letter 00-09-22: atriu prefered!, then later she wrote:
atri (perhaps u best left out).
"atri 1++ court; hall" item added.
"atrio {=atriu} 1X court; hall" changed to "atrio {=atrio} 1X court; hall".
"atriu 1++ court; hall" changed to "atriu {=atri} 1X court; hall".
audaci and audacio (dare/ wagen):
"aucaci 1++ dare; daring; venture" and
"audacio {=audaci} X daring".
Augusta 1 and augusto (August):
"Augusta 1 August" added "{prefer meno okto}".
"augusto {=Augusta} X August" changed comment to "{=Augusta, prefer
meno okto}".
auskulta and askolta (listen/ hören), also audi,
akusti (hear/ hören),
note: auri, oti (ear/ Ohr):
audi = 1000 akusti MG. Ron liked auskulta + askolta for the
Italian sound, but they are not internatial for me.
"audi 1++ hark; hear; listen" changed to "hear; listen; hark".
"akusti 1+G hark; hear; listen" changed to "akusti {prefer audi} G
hear; listen; hark".
"auskulta listen" added "{Italian, take audi} X".
"askolta listen" added "{Italian, take audi} X".
austeri and stride (harsh/ rau, streng, grell, schroff):
austeri + stride MG. asperi + severi = 1000.
(Nothing done. Items remain:
asperi 1+ harsh; rough
austeri + austere; harsh
severi 1++ severe; stern; strict
stride harsh; shrill; cry {shrill})
austra and austro (south/ Süden):
"austra 1G south; southern",
"austro {=austra} 1GX south".
auxi and auximo (help, grow):
"auxi grow" item deleted.
"auxi 1++ aid; assist; help; helpful" added meaning "grow {something}"
[cf. Latin augeo].
"auximo help; grow" added "{=auxi} X", changed "grow" to "grow
{something}".
"auxi-demo 1G ally" changed meaning to "ally {state}".
"auxi-pe 1 ally" changed meaning to "ally {person}".
"asocia 1++ associate; ally; association; partner" changed meaning
"ally" to "ally {state}; ally {person}; ally {v}".
balne and balno (bath/ baden):
balno
(balne is not in GID, so nothing done.)
banka and benca (Bank):
banka = bank (money), benca = bank, bench, long seat MG
"banka 1++ bank; bank {money}" changed to "banka 1++ bank {money}".
"benca 1 bench" changed to "benca 1++ bench; bank {long seat}; seat [long ]"
bapti (baptize, dip/ taufen, eintauchen)/ baptiza (baptize/ taufen):
"baptiza G baptize" added "{=bapti} X", because bapti is in book
Central Glosa, p. 27.
bari and bario (heavy/ schwer):
"bario G heavy" added "{=bari} X".
basta (enough! stop!/ genug!, stop! (=basta?)) and
bastante (enough/ genug), also sati:
sati (1000) enough. Also basta + bastante MG.
"basta enough!; stop!" changed to "basta {prefer sati} enough;
stop! {enough!}".
"bastante enough" changed to "bastante {=basta, prefer sati} X enough;
stop! {enough!}".
bata and bate (schlagen):
bate
bata MG a bat (bat + ball)
"bata 1 bat" changed to "bata bat {n, bat and ball}".
"bate 1++ batter; beat; beating; hit; knock; smite; strike {hit};
thrash {beat}" added meaning "bat".
bati and bato (deep/ tief):
bato 1000 deep, batho-; bati = MG walk
"bati 1+G walking" changed to "bati +G walk; walking".
bek 1 (beak/ Schnabel) and beka 1 (peck/ picken) and
beko 1 (spout/ Schnabel):
beka = beak, peck
"bek 1++ beak; peck; spout" changed "1++" to "{=beka} X"
"beka {=bek} 1 beak; peck; spout" changed "{=bek} 1" to "1++".
"beko {=bek} 1 beak; peck; spout" changed "{=bek} 1" to "{=beka} X".
ben veni and ben-venite (willkommen):
bene-veni = 1000 welcome, ben/bene-venite MG welcome
"ben-veni 1++ welcome" changed to "bene-veni".
"ben-venite welcome" added "{=bene-veni} X".
betona and betoni (concrete/ konkret):
betona concrete
"betona concrete" added "1++".
"betoni 1++ concrete" changed "1++" to "{=betona} X".
bicikla and biciklo (bicycle/ Fahrrad):
(see ciklo)
"bicikla bicycle" added "{=biciklo} X".
"biciklo ++ bicycle" remains.
blada and blado (Blatt, Klinge):
blada blade
(blado not in GID, so nothing done.)
blanci and blanka (white/ weiß):
"blanci {=blanka, prefer leuko} 1X bleach; whiten",
"blanka 1 white".
bola (Ball, Kugel) and bolu and boleta (Kugel, Geschoss) and
boli in besboli (Baseball) and buleta (Kugel, Geschoss):
bola = ball pedi-bola boli
buleta
besbola already with -a.
"boleta bullet" added "{=buleta} X".
"pedi bola 1++ football" changed to "pedi-bola".
"bolu {=bola} 1GX ball".
bota and botina (boot/ Stiefel):
bota + botina MG boot, bootie
botina (boot) can be mixed up with butina (booty, cf. French butin),
and bota is shorter, so I decided for bota.
"bota boot" added "++" and meaning "bootee"
"botina 1++ boot" changed "1++" to "{=bota} X" and added meaning
"bootee".
bronki and bronko (wind-pipe):
bronko - wind-pipe, broncho-
"bronki G wind-pipe" added "{=bronko} X".
bruta 1 (brute) and bruti 1 (bully; gruff):
bruta
"bruti {=bruta} 1 brute; bully; gruff; rough; stupid" changed "1" to
"X".
buletin and buletina (bulletin/ Tagesbericht, Bekanntmachungsblatt):
buletina
(IMO a bad ending vowel: French and English "bulletin", German
"Bulletin", all without -a !!!)
"buletin + bulletin" changed "+" to "{=buletina} X".
"buletina {=buletin} 1 bulletin" changed "{=buletin} 1" to "1+".
buna and buno (hill/ Berg, Hügel):
buno
"buna {=buno} 1XG hill; mound" removed "1".
"buno ++G hill; mound" added "1".
burgesa and burgeso (bourgeois/ Bourgeois):
"burgesa {=burgeso} X bourgeois" and
"burgeso 1+ bourgeois; citizen".
bus and busa (bus/ Bus):
"bus 1++ bus; omnibus" and
"busa {=bus} 1X bus".
butiri and butiro (butter/ Butter):
butiri
"butiro {=butiri} G butter" added "X".
carta (map/ Landkarte) and karta 1 and karda (card),
carta (map, chart). karta a card, posta-karta
"karda card" added "{=karta} X".
"posta-karta 1+ post card; card [post ]; postal card" item added.
cecilo and ceko (blind/ blind),
"cecilo {=ceko, prefer no-vide} X blind",
"ceko 1 blind; choked up".
cef and cefa (chief/ Chef),
(There are two more items with -a: cefa servi-pe - butler,
cefa vora - dinner, so cefa should be prefered.)
"cef {=cefa} 1++ chief; main; major; master; principal" changed "++"
to "X".
"cefa {=cef} 1 chief; main; major; master; principal" removed
"{=cef}", added "++".
cek and ceka (Scheck),
ceka = cheque (bank)
(IMO a bad ending vowel: French, English and German without -a !!!)
"cek ++ cheque" changed "++" to "{=ceka} X".
"ceka {=cek} 1 cheque" changed "{=cek} 1" to "1++".
cerami and kerami (ceramic, clay, earthenware/ Keramik),
kerami
"cerami ceramic; clay; earthenware" added "{=kerami} X".
cere and cereali (cereal/ Getreide),
"cere {=cereali} 1X cereal" and
"cereali 1+ cereal; cereals; corn {cereal}".
cerne and discerni (discern/ unterscheiden, erkennen),
discerni MG discern.
"cerne + discern; sift" changed to "cerne {=discerni} X discern; sift
{discern}"
"discerni discern" added "+" and meaning "sift {discern}".
cera and cero and ceru (wax/ Wachs),
"cera {=ceru} X beeswax",
"cero {=ceru} 1X wax; beeswax",
"ceru 1++ wax; beeswax".
certifi and certifika (certificate/ Zertifikat),
"certifi 1+ certificate; certify",
"certifika {=certifi} 1X certificate; certify".
cerule and cerulea (sky blue/ himmelblau),
"cerule 1 sky blue; blue [sky ]; blue; celestial; heavenly",
"cerulea {=cerule} 1X blue; heavenly; celestial".
ciano and kiano (blue/blau),
ciano -blue
"ciano 1++G blue; cyan" changed "cyan" to "cyanic {blue}".
"kiano G blue" added "{=ciano} X".
cigareti and cigareta (cigarette/ Zigarette),
cigareta
"cigareti cigarette" added "{=cigareta} X".
cigni 1G and kigno (swan/ Schwan),
cigni - swan. Also kigno = Greek MG.
"cigni {=kigno} 1XG cygnet; swan" changed "{=kigno} 1XG" to "1+".
"kigno +G cygnet; swan" added "{prefer cigni}".
cikatri and cikatrika (scar/ Narbe),
cikatri = scar MG.
"cikatri 1+ scar" removed "1".
"cikatrika scar" added "{=cikatri} X".
cikla and ciklo (wheel/ Rad),
ciklo = circle 1000. Also MG. cirkula
"cirkula {=ciklo} 1+ circle; circular" changed "{=ciklo} 1+" to
"{prefer ciklo}".
cikoni and Cikonia (stork/ Storch),
Cikonia = stork (bird)
"cikoni stork" added "{=Cikonia} X".
cilindri and (cylinder/ Zylinder),
"cilindri {=kilindra} 1X cylinder",
"kilindra 1+G cylinder"
cinema and kinema (Kino),
kinema = cinema
"cinema cinema; motion picture theater; movie theater" added
"{=kinema} X".
cinqe and qinqa (five/ fünf), also pen, penta,
penta = 5 1000. Also qinqa, cinqe MG.
"cinqe five" added "{=penta} X".
"qinqa five" added "{=penta} X".
ciri and ciru (curl/ kräuseln),
ciru = curl.
"ciri curl" added "{=ciru} X".
cirka and cirku (about/ etwa),
"cirka 1++ about; about {location}; around",
"cirku {=cirka} 1X around".
cirkula and cirkulatio (Verkehr),
cirkulati = traffic
"cirkulatio 1++ traffic" changed "1++" to "{=cirkulati} X".
"cirkulati 1++ traffic" item added.
"movimento 1 traffic" changed "1" to "{prefer cirkulati}".
cirku-sta and cirkumsta (circumstance/ Umstand),
"cirku-sta {=cirkumsta} 1X circumstance" and
"cirkumsta 1+ circumstance" (because cirku is not Glosa 1000).
citro and citru (citrus/ Zitrusfrucht),
"citru citrus" added "{=citro} X" and meaning "lemon" (citro is
prefereable because it is in "English 5000 to Glosa 1000"-list).
cokolat and cokolata (Schokolade),
cokolata
"cokolat chocolate" added "{=cokolata} X".
conversa and konversa (conversate/ sich unterhalten),
"conversa {=konversa} 1X converse; talk" and
"konversa 1++ conversation; converse".
dakti and didakti (teach/ lehren),
"dakti {=didakti} 1GX teach" (Central list),
"didakti 1G teach; education; instruction; teaching".
damna and damni (hurt/ schaden),
"damna {prefer noku} damage; harm; hurt; injure",
"damni {=damna, prefer noku} 1X hurt; injure".
data (Daten, Tatsache, Nachricht) and datu (Datum),
data = data; datu = the date (15 Juni)
daktila = date (fruit)
"data data" added "+".
"datu 1++ date" changed to ".. date {day}".
"tem-di date" changed to ".. date {day}".
"daktila date {fruit}" item added.
debate and debati (debate/ debattieren),
"debate 1+ debate; discuss",
"debati {=debate} 1X debate; discus".
decenti and deko (decent/ anständig),
decenti = decent MG
deko (1000) = appropriate, seemly, fitting
(e.g.) deko-teknologi
"deko 1++ appropriate; apt; decent; proper; seemly" removed meaning
"decent", added meaning "fitting {adj}".
"gru 1++ adapt; convenient; fit; fitting; proper; property; relevant;
suit {v}; suitable" added meaning "fitting {adj}".
[German translations:
decent - anständig
appropriate - passend, geeignet
seemly - geziemend, schicklich
fitting - passend, geeignet, angemessen, schicklich
apt - geeignet, passend, treffend, begabt, geschickt
proper - richtig, anständig, ordentlich, gehörig]
defekti (defect; fault; flaw/ Fehler) and defici (lack/ Fehlen, Mangel,
ermangeln),
defekti, defici = defect, deficinacy
"defekti 1++ defect; fault; deficiency; flaw; lack; lacking [be ];
missing [be ]",
"defici {= defekti} X lack; deficiency".
deiko and deikto (show/ zeigen),
"deiko 1G indicate; show {v}; signal {v}",
"deikto {=deiko} 1GX indicate; show {v}".
delega and delegati (delegate/ delegieren),
"delega {=delegati} X delegate",
"delegati 1+ delegate".
delici [PGN 37, p. 3] and delicio (delicious/ vorzüglich),
(delici not in GID, so nothing done.)
delika and delikate and delikati and delikato (delikat),
delikate
"delika {=delikate} 1X delicate".
"delikate {=delikato} 1 dainty; delicate" changed "{=delikato} 1" to
"1++".
"delikati {=delikato} 1 dainty; delicate" changed "{=delikato} 1" to
"{=delikate} X".
"delikato ++ dainty; delicate" changed "++" to "{=delikate} X".
deluvi 1 (deluge) and diluvi 1 (flood) and diluvia (flood),
diluvi = flood, deluge.
"deluvi {=diluvi} 1X deluge; flood" removed "1".
demanda and demande (demand/ fordern),
"demanda 1++ ask for; charge; demand; order {demand}".
"demande {=demanda} 1X demand".
demi and hemi and semi (half/ halb (French, Greek, Latin)),
semi 1st choice also hemi, demi MG
"demi half" added "{=semi} X".
"hemi {=semi} 1G half" added "X".
"hemi- 1G semi-" item deleted.
describe and deskribe (describe/ beschreiben),
"describe {=deskribe} 1X describe",
"deskribe 1++ describe; description".
diabola and diaboli and diabolo (Teufel),
diaboli = devil
"diabolo G devil" added "{=diaboli}" and "X".
"diabola {=diaboli} 1X devil".
diala and diali (dial/ Zifferblatt),
"diala {=diali} 1X dial",
"diali 1+ dial; face {of watch}; indicator; pointer".
dialekta G and dialekti 1+G (dialect/ Dialekt),
dialekta = dialect
"dialekta G dialect" added "1+".
"dialekti 1+G dialect" changed "1+G" to "{=dialekta} GX".
difere (differ; difference/ unterscheiden, Unterschied,
verschieden) and diferentia (Unterschied),
hetero = 1000, difere MG
"difere 1++ differ; difference" added meaning "different".
"diferentia difference" added "{take difere} X".
digi (Finger) and digita (Finger, Zeh) (shortform)
digi = 1000 digita MG.
"digi {=digita} 1++ finger; toe" removed "{=digita}".
"digita {=digi} 1++ finger; toe" removed "1++".
diminu and minu (diminish/ vermindern)
"diminu {prefer minu} diminish; decrease; lessen",
"minu 1 diminish; minor; decrease; junior; less; lessen; reduce" (from
Español-bibli).
dina (power../zwingen, stark, Gewalt, Kraft) and
dinami (powerful/mächtig) and dinamo (power../Macht)(shortform),
dina = 1000 dinamo MG.
"dinami ++G powerful" changed "++G" to "{=dina} GX".
"dina 1++G compel; force; might {power}; oblige; power" added meaning
"powerful".
"dinamo {=dina} 1XG compel; force; might {power}; oblige; power"
changed "{=dina} 1XG" to "{prefer dina} G" and added meaning
"powerful".
"dina dine" added "{take meso-di vora} X".
"meso-di vora 1* dine" item added.
diplo and dupli (double/ doppelt),
bi = 1000 diplo + dupli MG
"bi 1++ two; both" added meaning "double".
"dupli double" added "{=diplo, or take bi} X".
direkti and dirigi (direct/ direkt),
"direkti 1++ direct; direction; guide".
"dirigi {=direkti} X direct; guide".
disci and diski (learn/ lernen),
"disci 1 learn; study",
"diski {=disci, prefer gene sko} 1 learn; study".
disipa and sipa (waste/ verschwenden),
"disipa 1++ waste {use without good purpose}; squander",
"sipa {=disipa} 1X waste {use without good purpose}".
diskursi (Diskussion) and diskurso (Rede, reden),
diskursi a talk, discussion
(diskurso not in GID, so nothing done.)
diskusi and diskusio (discussion/ Diskussion),
"diskusi 1++ conference; discussion; discuss; talk".
"diskusio {=diskusi} 1X discussion".
disloka and luxa (dislocate/ verrücken),
1st choice disloka dislocate, also luxa (Latin luxatura dislocation)
"luxa dislocate" added "{=disloka} X".
disperge and dispersa (scatter/ zerstreuen),
spora, difusi = spread, scatter 1000.
Also disperge + dispersa MG.
"spora 1+ scatter; seed; spore" added meaning "spread".
"disperge scatter" added "{=dispersa, prefer difusi} X".
"dispersa 1+ scatter" changed "1+" to "{prefer difusi or spora}".
disposi and dispositi (dispose/ disponnieren),
"disposi 1 dispose; arrange; adjust",
"dispositi {=disposi} X dispose".
distribu and tribu (distribute/ verteilen, austeilen, verbreiten),
distribu = distribute; tribu = a tribe
"triba distribute; tribe" added "{=tribu} X", removed meaning
"distribute".
"tribu 1++ distribute; tribe" removed meaning "distribute".
disturba and turba (disturb/ stören), also tarako,
turba = 1000 trouble, disturb; disturba MG
"disturba disturb" added "{=turba} X".
doci (lehren) and doktrina (Lehre),
doci = 1000 to teach, doktrina MG.
"doktrina ++ teaching" added meaning "doctrine", changed "++" to
"{prefer doci}".
dolo (Schmerz) and dolora (Kummer, Gram),
algo = pain 1000, dolo dolora MG
"dolo 1++G ache; pain" changed "1++G" to "{prefer algo}".
"dolora grief" added "{prefer algo}".
"algo 1++G algia[-]; pain; painful; sore" added meanings "ache; grief".
[German translations:
ache - schmerzen, wehtun; (anhaltender) Schmerz
grief - Kummer
pain - Schmerz, Schmerzen
sore - entzündet, wund]
doma and domi (house/ Haus),
"doma {=domi} 1X home; house" (only in "Français - Glosa
1000".
dora and doro (gift/ Geschenk),
"dora {=doro} GX gift",
"doro 1++G gift; present; present {gift}".
drakini and drako (dragon/ Drachen),
drako = MG dragon
"drakini G dragon" added "{=drako}" and "X".
droso and rosi (dew/ Tau),
droso = MG. dew, also rosi 2nd choice
"droso 1+G dew" removed "1".
"rosi dew" added "{prefer droso}".
dubita and dubito (doubt/ zweifeln),
dubi = 1000 doubt. dubito MG.
"dubi 1++ doubt" item added.
"dubita 1++ doubt" changed "1++" to "{=dubito, prefer dubi} X".
"dubito {=dubita} 1X doubt" changed "{=dubita} 1X" to "{prefer dubi}".
duca and dusca 1 (shower/ Dusche, duschen),
"duca {French, =dusca} X shower {bath}" item added (from "18 Steps to Fluency",
picture p. 29)
"dusca {French} 1++ shower {bath}" item added (from "Deutsch-Glosa 1000").
"imbri + shower of rain" changed meaning to "shower {rain}", removed
"+".
"pluvi 1++ rain; shower" changed "shower" to "shower {rain}".
durante and duranto (during, while/ während),
tem = 1000 during, while duranto MG
"durante ++ during; for {during}; in {during}; while" changed "++" to
"{=duranto, prefer tem} X".
"duranto {=durante} 1 during; for {during}; in {during}; while" changed
"{=durante} 1" to "{prefer tem}".
"horo 1++G hour; o'clock; time" changed "time" to "time {(clock)
time}", removed "G" because of Latin hora.
"hora o'clock" added "{=horo} X" and meanings "hour; time {(clock)
time}".
"kron 1++G chron-; instant; moment; occasion; time; when" changed
"time" to "time {instant}".
"tem 1++ as {while}; during; for {during}; in {during}; period;
season; time; while" changed "time" to "time {period}".
ebria and ebrio (drunk/ betrunken),
"ebria 1 drunk; drunkard",
"ebrio {=ebria} 1X drunk; drunkard".
edafi and edafo (soil/ Boden),
edafo MG edaphology
"edafi G soil" added "{=edafo} X".
edi and edo (eat/ essen),
"edi {=edo} X eat",
"edo 1 eat; dine; devour".
ego and mi (I/ ich),
mi = me, my 1000 ego I, Ego MG.
"ego I" added "{prefer mi}".
eleganta 1 (trim {adj}) and eleganti 1 (elegant),
eleganti
"eleganta {=eleganti} 1X elegant; trim {adj}" removed "1".
elekti and selekti (choice/ Auswahl, auswählen),
elekti = 1000 chose, select, vote. selekti MG.
"selekti choice; choose; pick; select; selection" added "{prefer
elekti}", changed "pick" to "pick {chose}".
endo and eso (inside/ innen), also intra,
intra = 1000 inside. endo + eso MG.
"endo G inside" added "{prefer intra}".
"eso G inside" added "{prefer intra}".
enea G and nona 1 (nine/ neun),
"enea G nine" added "{prefer nona}".
enigma and inigma (enigma/ Rätsel),
"enigma 1++G enigma; puzzle; riddle; problem",
"inigma {=enigma} 1GX problem".
enkefa and enkefali (brain/ Gehirn),
enkefa = brain
"enkefali G brain" added "{=enkefa, prefer cerebra}" and "X".
"enkefa 1+G brain" added "{prefer cerebra}".
enkontra and inkontra (meet), also unio,
ko, unio = 1000 to meet. Inkontra MG.
"enkontra 1++ meet; meeting" changed meanings to "meet {by chance};
meeting {by chance}" (see book "18 Steps to Fluency", p. 34).
Changed "1++" to "{=inkontra} X", although it is in the 1000-list of
the book "18 Steps to Fluency".
"inkontra meet" changed meaning to "meet {by chance}". Added meaning
"meeting {by chance}". Added "++", although "enkontra" is in the
1000-list of the book "18 Steps to Fluency".
"ko {=kon} 1++ together with; with" added meaning "meet {by
appointment}".
"kon {=ko} 1++ together with; with" added meaning "meet {by
appointment}".
"unio 1++ assemblage; assembly; meet; rendezvous; union; unite" changed
"meet" to "meet {by appointment}" (see book "18 Steps to Fluency",
p. 34). Added meaning "meeting {by appointment}".
episkopa 1G (bishop) and episkopi G (overseer),
"episkopa 1G bishop; overseer" added "+", because it has a "1".
"episkopi +G bishop; overseer" changed "+G" into "{=episkopa} GX",
because "episkopa" has an "1".
eqilibra and eqilibri and eqilibrio and libra (balance/ Balance),
libra = 1000 equilibri MG.
(Error of Wendy, must be eqilibri.)
"eqilibra {=libra} 1 balance" changed "{=libra} 1" to "{=eqilibri,
prefer libra} X".
"eqilibri {=libra} 1 balance" changed "{=libra} 1" to "{prefer libra}".
"eqilibrio balance" added "{=eqilibri, prefer libra} X".
"libra 1++ balance {n}" removed "{n}".
evanesce and vanesce and vaneske (vanish/ verschwinden),
(vanesce prefered, because it is in the English-5000-to-Glosa-1000-
list. "vanesce 1+ vanish" and "vaneske {=vanesce} X vanish" remain.)
"evanesce vanish" added "{=vanesce} X".
excita and excite (excite/aufregen),
excite - excite
"excita ++ excite; exciting; thrill" changed "++" to "{=excite} X".
"excita viagia 1*++ adventure" item removed.
"excite {=excita} 1X excite; exciting; thrill" changed "{=excita} 1X"
to "1++".
"excite viagia {=excita viagia} 1X adventure" changed "{=excita viagia}
1X" to "1++".
exclude and exklude (exclude/ ausschließen),
exklude (exclude possibly remains from when Glosa was not phonetik.)
(exclude not in the GID already, so nothing done.)
expo and expositi (display/ausstellen, Ausstellung),
expositi display, ausstellen, can be cut down to Expo as in English
and other language Fair names.
"expositi display" added "{or short form expo}" and meanings "exhibit;
exposition; fair {exposition}".
"expo {=expositi} display; exhibit; exposition; fair {exposition}"
item added.
"justi 1++ equitable; fair; fair {equitable}; fair {just}; just; just
{equitable}; just {fair}; right {just}" removed meaning "fair".
face (make/ machen) and -faci (making/ machend) and fik,
"face 1++ make; build; commit; construct; execute; forge {v};
making; manufacture; produce {make}",
"faci[-] {=face} X making",
"fik {=face} 1X make".
falko and falkona (hawk/ Falke),
falko = falcon, hawk MG
"falko falcon; hawk" added "+".
"falkona 1+ falcon; hawk" changed "1+" to "{=falko} X".
falsa and falsi (false /(deceive)),
falsi = MG
(Certainly error of Wendy, falsi is in many 1000-lists.)
"falsa false" added "{=falsi} X".
fam and fami (hungry/ hungrig),
"fam {=fami} 1X hunger".
"fami 1++ hunger; hungry".
famili and familia (Familie),
famili = 1000 family
(familia is not in the GID, so nothing done.
But what to do with familiari ???)
fa and fasci and fascia and faski and faskia (set, group/ Satz, Gruppe),
fa = 1000 set, group, bundle. fascia MG
(faski is in most 1000-lists, so it should be kept.
fasci is only in "English 5000 to Glosa 1000", probably an error.
If we have fa and faski, the others do not give something new and
valuable enough, that they should be kept.)
"fa [u ] {=faski, -fa} 1++ bunch; bundle; cluster; group; set; sheaf"
changed "[u ]" to "[{-}]", "set" to "set {n}".
"fa[-] 1 bunch; bundle; cluster; group; set; sheaf" item removed.
"fasci {=faski} 1X band {group}; bunch; bundle; cluster; group; set;
sheaf" removed "1", changed "set" to "set {n}".
"fascia {=faski} X band {group}; bunch; bundle; cluster; group; set;
sheaf" changed "set" to "set {n}".
"faski {=fa, -fa} 1++ band {group}; bunch; bundle; cluster; group; set;
sheaf" changed "set" to "set {n}".
"faskia {=faski} X band {group}; bunch; bundle; cluster; group; set;
sheaf" changed "set" to "set {n}".
fascina and faskina (fascinate/ faszinieren),
fascina = fascinate. faskina (MG) hard "C" sound has been used in
poetry to offer alternative sound.
"faskina 1 fascinate; tempt" changed "1" to "{prefer fascina}".
favo and favori (favor/favorable, günstig),
favo = 1000. favori MG
"favo 1++ favor; favour; partial; privilege" added meanings
"favorable; favourable", changed "partial" to "partial {favoring}".
"favori + favorable; favourable; favor; favour" changed "+" to "{prefer
favo}".
"mero 1++G bit; department; district; fragment; instalment; morsel;
part; part {n}; partial; partly; piece; portion; section; share"
changed "partial" to "partial {partly}".
"ne holo 1 partial" changed "partial" to "partial {partly}; partly".
"parta part; partial" changed "partial" to "partial {partly}; partly".
"feci" and "feki" (faeces/ Kot),
"feci 1 faeces; feces; excrement",
"feki {=feci} 1X faeces; feces; excrement"
(feci prefered, because it is in the Central list).
You can have a look at Wendy
Ashby's
notes
to the following words in her hand-writing.
feli and felis (cat/ Katze),
feli cat
"felis cat; feline" added "{=feli} X".
fero and foro G (carry/ tragen),
fero = 1000 to carry
foro sema-phore carry 6000
"foro G carry" added "{=fero} X".
festa and festi (festival/ Festival),
"festa 1++ feast; festival; festive; festivity; fete; holiday;
party",
"festi {=festa} 1X festival".
fide and fidera (entrust/ vertrauen),
"fide 1++ confide; confidence; confident; entrust; faith; fidelity;
loyal; loyalty; trust {confide}",
"fidera {take fide} X entrust".
fibri and fibro (fiber/Faser),
fibri
(fibro not in GID, so nothing done.)
fili and filia (filia in compound fe-filia),
"fe-fili 1++ daughter",
"fe-filia {=fe-fili} 1X daughter".
filosofi 1G and filosofo G (philosophy/ Philosophie),
filosofi MegaGlosa
"filosofi 1+G philosophy" removed "1".
"filosofo G philosophy" added "{=filosofi} X".
fimbri and fimbria (fringe/ Franse),
"fimbri 1 fringe; border",
"fimbria {=fimbri} X fringe".
fisa and fisalo (bubble/ Blase),
(Greek φυσαλ'ις - bubble, φυσ~αν - to blow.)
"fisa {=fisalo} G bubble" removed "{=fisalo}".
"fisalo {=fisa} G bubble" changed "{=fisa}" to "{=fisa, prefer buli}",
added "X".
fisio and fizio (physical/ körperlich),
"fisio 1+G condition {especially physical}; physical; physio; nature;
state {condition}".
"fizio {=fisio} 1GX nature; physical" (obviously typing error in book
"Español-Glosa 1000").
fixa and pexi (fix/ befestigen),
fixa 1000, pexi = 6000
"fixa 1++ clasp; fix; record {v}; splint" added meaning "solidify".
"pexi +G fix; solidify" changed "+G" into "{prefer fixa} G".
fla and sufla (blow/blasen),
fla 1000. sufla = 6000
"sufla blow" added "{=fla} X".
flama and flami (in flami-fero - match) (flame/ Flamme)
flama
(Latin flama, ae f. flami-fero already changed.)
fluvi and fluvia (river/ Fluss),
fluvi
"fluvia 1 river" changed "1" into "{=fluvi} X".
flu and fluktu and flux (flow/ fließen),
deflu (flow down/ herabfließen),
konflu (flow together/ zusammenfließen),
fluvi
flu 1000 fluktu + Flux = 6000
ab flu = 1000 deflu = 6000
konflu = 6000 ko flu = 1000
(In my opinion it must be "ab-flu" or "flu ab" instead of "ab flu",
same with "konflu".)
"flu 1++ current; flow; fluent; fluid" added meaning "flood".
"fluktu flood; flow" added "{prefer flu}".
"flux current; flow" added "{prefer flu}".
"ab-flu {or "flu ab"} 1+ flow down" item added.
"deflu + flow down" changed "+" into "{prefer ab-flu}".
"ko-flu {or "flu ko(n)"} 1+ flow together" item added.
"konflu + flow together" changed "+" into "{prefer ko-flu}".
Fokaena 1 and fokena (porpoise/ Meerschwein (Wal)),
fokena = MG porpoise (Phocaena)
"Fokaena 1+G phocaena; porpoise" changed "1+G" into "{=fokena} GX".
foleo and goleo (hole/ Loch), also fora, trima,
fora = 1000 hole general.
foleo = MG den, cave Gr. Pholeos
(pholeter = one who lurks in a hole).
1000 also kaverno + kavita
goleo = MG Greek
Trima mis-print
Trema = Greek MG hole as in trematode
"foleo G den; hole" added "{prefer fora, kaverno or kavita}", changed
"hole" into "hole {den}", added meaning "cave".
"goleo G hole" added "{prefer fora}".
"trima G hole" added "{take fora} X", because Wendy said, it is a
mis-print.
"trema G hole" added "{take fora} X" (to avoid homonym hole/nursling).
"antro G cave; cavity" added "{prefer kaverno or kavita}".
"kavo cave; hollow" added "{take kaverno or kavita} X".
"speleo G cave" added "{prefer kaverno}".
"troglo G cave; hole" added "{prefer fora, kaverno or kavita}".
"kaverna 1++ cave; cavern" changed "1++" into "{=kaverno} 1X".
"kaverno {=kaverna} 1X cave; cavern" changed "{...} 1X" into "1++".
"kavito 1 cavity; hollow; pit" added "{=kavita} X".
"koelo 1G hollow" removed "1", added "{take kavita} X".
[German translations:
cave - Höhle
cavern - große Höhle
cavity - Loch (Zahn)
hollow - Mulde, Vertiefung; hohl
pit - Grube]
(... see also below kaverno/ kavita/ kavo ...)
folia and foliage (leaf, foliage/ Blatt, Laub),
(folia is prefered, because it is 1000.)
"foliage {French} foliage; leaf" added to comment "prefer folia".
fosa and fosi (pit/ Loch),
"fosa {=fosi} 1X cavity; hole; pit",
"fosi 1++ dig; cavity; ditch; hole; moat; pit".
fosi and fusi (dig, pour/ graben, gießen),
(Thanks to Gary Miller and Kevin Smith for this hint. See book
"Central Glosa", p. 32: it should be fosi - dig, fusi - pour. The
error is in the book "18 Steps to Fluency", p. 92: fosi - pour.
"fusi spindle" (Latin fusus) remains, though a Glosa homonym
(pour/spindle) is not beautiful.)
"fosi 1++ dig; pour" made to two items:
"fosi 1++ dig" and
"fosi {=fusi} 1X pour".
"fusi {=fosi} 1 dig; pour" removed "{=fosi}" and "dig", added "++".
fragma and fragmo (fence/ Zaun),
"fragma 1++G barrier; hedge; enclosure {fences}; fence; partition",
"fragmo {=fragma} 1X hedge".
frase and frasi (sentence/Satz),
frasi
(frase is in "18 Steps to Fluency", English-Glosa 1000 list, p. 80 and
in "Central Glosa", English5000 to G1000, p. 114. frasi only in book
"Glosa 6000". Another argument: English and French phrase, German
Phrase. So frase is kept.)
"frase 1++ phrase; sentence" added meaning "speak" and "G".
"frasi G sentence; speak" added meaning "phrase" and comment
"{=frase} X".
fraudi and fraudu (fraud/ Betrug),
"fraudi 1 fraud",
"fraudu {=fraudi} 1X fraud".
freni and freno (mind/ Verstand),
"freni {=freno} 1GX mind {n}" (Central list),
"freno G mind {n}" (Glosa 6000).
fulge and fulgu (flash/ Blitz),
"fulge 1 flash; lightning",
"fulgu {=fulge} 1X flash; lightning".
fungi and fungu and fungus (Schwamm, Pilz),
fungu = 1000 fungus.
"fungi {=fungu} 1 fungus; mushroom",
"fungu 1+ fungus; mushroom",
"fungus {prefer fungu} fungus".
fusta 1 and fusti (shaft/ Schaft),
fusti = MG shaft, cudgel, club.
"fusta 1+ cudgel; shaft" added meaning "club {stick}", changed "1+" to
"{=fusti} X".
"fusti cudgel; shaft" added meaning "club {stick}".
"korina 1++G club {mace}; mace" changed "club {mace}" to "club
{stick}".
gala and galakti and lakti (milk/ Milch),
"gala {take lakti} GX milk",
"galakti {take lakti} 1GX milk",
"lakti 1++ milk".
game and gami [in bi-gami] (marry/ heiraten),
game = 1000 to marry
"bi-gami bigamy; two-marriages" added "{=bi-game} X".
gastri and gastro (stomach/ Magen),
gastro = 1000 stomach
"gastri stomach" added "{=gastro} X".
geli and gelo (freeze/ frieren),
"geli 1++ freeze; ice {v}",
"gelo {=geli} 1X freeze".
genuine and gnesi (genuine/ echt),
genuine Greek, MG. also gnesi
"genuine G genuine" added "{prefer veri}".
"gnesi G genuine; true" added "{prefer veri}".
genu and gonato (knee/ Knie),
genu = knee 1000, gonato = 6000 Greek
"genu 1++ knee" added meaning "knee-joint".
"gonato G knee; knee-joint; node" added "{prefer genu}".
gero and gesta (carry/ tragen),
(cf. Latin gero ... gestum)
"gero {=gesta, prefer fero} X carry",
"gesta bear {v}; carry".
gladia 1 and gladio (sword/ Schwert),
gladia = sword
"gladio sword" added "{=gladia} X".
glandi 1 and glandu (acorn, gland/ Eichel, Drüse),
glandi = gland, acorn.
"glandu acorn; gland" added "{=glandi} X".
glia and glutino and gloea (glue/ Leim, leimen),
glu = 1000 glue
MG = glia, gloeo, glutino (as in gliadin, gloeocapsa, glutinous)
"glia G glue" added "{prefer glu}".
"gloea glue" added "{prefer glu}".
"glutino glue" added "{prefer glu}".
globa 1 and globo (globe, ball/ Globus, Ball),
(globa is in the "English5000 to Glosa 1000" list of the book "Central
Glosa", so it should be prefered. globo is from "Glosa 6000".)
"globo ball; globe" added "{=globa} X".
gloci and klogma (cluck (hen)/ glucken (Henne)),
gluti and gluto (gulp, swallow/ Schluck, schlucken),
(gluto in "English 5000 to Glosa 1000", therefore prefered.)
"gluti gulp; swallow" added "{=gluto} X".
gnata 1G and gnato G (jaw),
mandibula = jaw 1000. gnato = MG jaw.
"gnata 1+G jaw" changed "1+G" into "{=gnato, prefer mandibula} GX".
"gnato G jaw" added "{prefer mandibula}".
gno and noske (know/ wissen), also ski, sapie,
kognoske (know by sight)
ski = 1000 to know
gno + noske MG to know (gnome, ag-nostic, cognosco)
sapie know, wise MG (homo sapiens)
"gno G know" added "{prefer ski}".
"noske know" added "{prefer ski}".
"sapie know; wise" added "{prefer ski for know or sofi for wise}".
golfo and gulfa (gulf/ Golf),
"golfo 1 gulf; estuary",
"gulfa {=golfo} 1X gulf; estuary".
goma and guma and gumi (rubber/ Gummi), Lat. gummi (Egyptian word, not inflected),
liqi glu = 1000 gum. gumi (Latin) = rubber, gum, resin.
"goma {=gumi} 1X gum".
"gumi 1+ palate; rubber" removed meaning "palate", added meanings
"gum; resin". Changed "1+" to "1++".
"guma {=gumi} 1X palate; rubber" made to two items:
"guma {=gumi} X rubber" and
"guma {prefer palato} palate".
"latex 1++G juice; liquid extract; rubber" added meaning "latex",
changed "liquid extract" to "extract [liquid ]", changed "1++G" to
"+G", see below ("latex"/"latici").
"latici 1G juice; liquid extract; rubber" added meaning "latex",
changed "liquid extract" to "extract [liquid ]", changed "1G" to
"{=latex} GX", though it is in the "Central Glosa"-list. See below
("latex"/"latici").
gona (in tetragona) and gono (corner/ Ecke):
"gono 1++G angle; corner; vertex",
"tetra-gono 1+*G quadrangle; quadrate; square",
"tetragona {=tetra-gono} 1X square" (from Español-bibli),
"tetragono {=tetra-gono} 1X quadrate; square" (from
Español-bibli).
gosipa and gosipi (cotton/ Baumwolle),
"gosipa {prefer kotona} 1G cotton",
"gosipi {=gosipa, prefer kotona} GX cotton".
gra and gramini (grass/ Gras),
gra = 1000 grass. gramini = MG.
(Items remain:
gra 1++ grass; fodder
gramini {prefer gra} grass)
grafi 1 (draw) and grafo 1G (draw {sketch}; script; write; writing),
grafo = 1000 draw, write. MG. grafi + skribe draw, write.
"grafi 1++G draw {sketch}; sketch {draw}" changed "1++" to "{=grafo} X",
added meaning "write".
"grafo 1++G script; write; writing" added meanings "draw {sketch};
sketch {draw}".
"skribe 1+ write" changed "1+" to "{prefer grafo} +".
grasi and krasi (fat/ fett, Fett),
grosi and grosu, also lipo, obesi, pingui,
fat, fry 1000 lipo (lipid, lipoid)
fat, obese, overweight 1000 = obesi
grease, fatty MG = grasi
thick, fat MG = krasi
fat, blubber MG = pingui
"grosi {=grosu} X bulky bulky; fat; greasy".
"grosu 1 bulky; fat; greasy".
"grasi fat; grease" changed "fat" to "fat {grease}", added meaning
"fatty".
"krasi fat; thick" changed meanings to "fat {thick}; thick {stout}".
"lipo 1++G fat; fry; grease" changed "fat" to "fat {substance}".
"obesi 1 fat; obese" changed "fat" to "fat {thick}".
"paki 1++G coarse; fat {thick}; stout; thick; thick {fat}" removed
meaning "thick", changed "thick {fat}" to "thick {stout}",
changed "stout" to "stout {adj}".
"pingui fat" changed "fat" to "fat {blubber}", added meaning
"blubber".
"densi 1+ condense; dense" added meaning "thick {dense}" and
changed "1+" to "1++".
(German translations:
fat - Fett, fett, dick = lipo, obesi, krasi, paki, pingui
fry - braten = lipo
obese - fettleibig = obesi
overweight - Übergewicht = obesi
grease - Fett, Schmierfett = grasi
fatty - fettig, speckig = grasi
thick - dick, dicht = krasi, paki
blubber - Walfischspeck = pingui
coarse - grob, rauh, roh = paki
stout - beleibt = paki)
gratula and kongratula (congratulate/ gratulieren),
gratula = 1000 congratulate. kongratula = MG congratulate.
"kongratula congratulate" added "{prefer gratula}".
grega and grego (party/ Partei),
"grega 1++ crew; flock; gang; group; herd; party {team}; party
{political}; swarm; team".
"grego {=grega} 1X party {political}".
gurgustio and tugurio (hut/ Hütte),
pusi-do = 1000 for hut, cabin
gurgustio (Latin) MG. hut, hovel, shanty
tugurio (Latin) MG. hut, cottage, peasant's hut
"pusi-do 1++ hut; shed" added meaning "cabin {small house}", changed
meanings to "hut {small house}; shed {n}".
"pusi do 1+ cabin" changed to "pusi do {=pusi-do} 1 hut; cabin {small
house}; shed {n}", removed "+".
"pusi ka 1+ cabin" changed "cabin" to "cabin {small room}".
"kabina cabin" changed to "cabin {small room}".
"gurgustio hovel; hut" added meaning "shanty", changed "hut" to "hut
{poor's house}".
"tugurio hut; cottage" changed "hut" to "hut {rural house}.
habitu 1 and habitudo (custom/ Brauch),
"habitu 1++ habit; custom" and
"habitudo {=habitu} X custom".
hagio and hosio (holy/ heilig), also sankti, santa, semno,
Sacred, holy. MG. sankti Latin
hagio + hosio Greek MG.
"hagio G holy; sacred" added "{prefer sankti}".
"hosio G holy" added "{prefer sankti}".
"sankti 1++ holy; saint" added meaning "sacred".
"semno holy; solemn" added "{prefer sankti or solemni}".
"santa {=sankti} 1X saint".
hamato and hami (hooked/ eingehakt), also uncinato, gripo,
dazu unci and unka (hook/ Haken), also ankistro,
unki = hook 1000.
MG = ankistro (Greek fish hook) hami (Latin)
uncinato (Latin)
"hamato hooked" added "{=hami} X".
"unci hook" added "{=unki} X".
"unka hook" added "{=unki} X".
"ankistro G hook" added meanings "fish-hook; fishing-hook".
(Items unchanged:
"hami hooked"
"uncinato + barbed; hooked"
"gripo G curved; hooked"
"unki 1++ hook")
harengu and haringa (herring/ Hering),
("harengu 1+ herring" is in "English 5000 to Glosa 1000"-list of
the book "Central Glosa", so it should be prefered.)
"haringa herring" added "{=harengu} X".
harpon and harpona 1 (harpoon/ Harpune),
harpona = MG harpoon.
"harpon harpoon" added "{=harpona} X".
"harpona 1+ harpoon" removed "1".
heli 1 and helio (sun/ Sonne),
"helio {=heli} GX sun" and
"heli 1++G sun; solar".
helminti and helminto (worm/ Wurm),
"helminti {=helminto, prefer vermi} 1GX worm",
"helminto {prefer vermi} G worm".
hema and hemato and hemo (blood/ Blut),
hema = 1000 blood.
sangui + hemato MG.
("hema 1++G blood" remains.)
"hemo {=hema} 1GX blood".
"hemato G blood; blood red; red" made to two items:
"hemato {=hema} GX blood" and
"hemato G red [blood ]; red".
"sangui blood" added "{prefer hema}".
"sanguina {=sangui, prefer hema} 1X blood" (from
Español-bibli).
"sangui-suga + blood-sucker" changed "+" to "{=hema-sugo} X". See
below, suga/suge/sugo. Made a new item "hema-sugo * blood-sucker".
hemi and semi (half/ halb, Lat. and Greek root),
semi = 1000 1/2. hemi = MG.
("semi{-} 1++ half; semi-" remains.)
"hemi {=semi} 1GX half" removed "1".
hepa and hepati (liver/ Leber),
hepa = 1000 liver. hepati = MG.
("hepa 1+G liver" remains.)
"hepati G liver" added "{=hepa} X".
hesi and hesita (sticky/ stockend),
hesi = 1000 to stick. hesita = MG hesitate. hesita stick
(September 2000 I thought, the words have identical meanings, so I
made the changes:
"hesi cling; sticky" same as "hesita hesitate; stick; sticky".
So added meaning "cling" to "hesita" and "hesitate; stick" to "hesi".
Now I have to reverse this and remove "stick" from "hesita":)
"hesi 1++ cling; hesitate; stick; sticky"
removed meanings "hesitate"
"hesita 1+ cling; hesitate; stick; sticky"
removed meanings "cling; sticky".
"baktro + cane {n}; stick {n}" changed meanings to "cane {stick};
stick {cane}".
"bakula + staff {n}; stick {n}" changed meanings to "staff {rod}; stick
{cane}".
"bastona staff; stick {cane}" changed "staff" to "staff {rod}".
"skeptro G staff" (German "Zepter", English "sceptre", "scepter")
changed "staff" to "staff {rod}; sceptre; scepter".
You can have a look at Wendy Ashby's notes to the following words in her hand-writing.
hespero and vespera (evening/ Abend),
vespera Latin = 1000 evening
herpero = MG evening, west
(Greek heperos = evening star, Hesperonis)
(Items remain:
"hespero G evening; west"
"vespera 1++ evening")
hiera and hieri (priest/ Priester),
"hiera 1G priest",
"hieri {=hiera} 1GX priest".
hilo and xilo (wood/ Holz),
"hilo G matter; wood {substance}" added "{prefer xilo for wood and
materia for matter}".
"xilo 1++G wood" changed meaning to "wood {substance}; timber".
himna 1 and himno (hymn/ Hymne),
himno = hymn, sonf of praise MG.
"himna 1+G hymn; song of praise" changed "1+G" to "{=himno} GX".
"himno G hymn; song of praise" added "+".
histera and histeri (womb/ Gebärmutter),
"histera 1G womb",
"histeri {=histera} 1GX womb".
homi and homini (Mensch),
homi = 1000 man/mankind, homini = MG man/mankind.
("homini" not in GID any more, "homi" remains.)
homo and homeo (like/ (gleich) wie),
homo = 1000, same, like, similar
homeo = MG, same, like, similar
"homeo G like {similar}; rather like" added "{=homo} X".
honora and honori (honor/ Ehre),
honora MG. honour.
"honora honor" added "++" and meanings "honour; respect".
"honora-abili ++ honorable" added meaning "honourable".
"honori 1++ honor; respect" changed "1++" into "{=honora} X",
added meaning "honour".
"timo +G honor; honour" removed "+".
hopli and hoplo (weapon/ Waffe),
"hopli {=hoplo} 1GX armor; weapon",
"hoplo 1G armor; weapon".
hora (o'clock) and horo 1 (hour; o'clock; time), [also
horario (timetable)],
(horo remains prefered, because it is in several Glosa-1000-lists,
although it is Latin hora and ugly to have horario.)
horizo 1, horizon and horizona 1 (horizon/ Horizont),
horizo, MG boundry, limit, horizon.
"horizon G boundary; horizon; limit; lying down" added "{=horizo} X".
"horizo 1++G boundary; horizon; limit; lying down".
"horizona {=horizo} 1GX horizon".
horizonta and horizontali (horizontal/ horizontal, waagerecht)
trans = 1000 horizontal, across,
horizontali = MG horizontal, across
(horizonta not in GID.)
"horizontali ++G horizontal" removed "++", added meaning "across".
"trans 1++ across; traverse" added meaning "horizontal".
humori and humoro (humor/ Humor),
"humori {=humoro} 1GX humor",
"humoro 1++G disposition; humor; humour".
ideo and idio (particular/ eigen),ideodelete, misprint "ideo identity; particular" item deleted. idoli 1G (idol/ Idol) and idolo (image/ Image, Bild), idoli "idoli 1G idol; image" added "+". "idolo G idol; image" added "{=idoli} X". ilumina and lumi (illuminate/ beleuchten), "ilumina illuminate", "lumi 1++ light {n}; illuminate; light {v}; light up; luminous; shine". imagi 1, imagina 1 and imagine (imagine/ Bild und Vorstellung), imagi = MG. image, to picture imagina = 1000 imagine, picture, image "imagi 1++ image" added meaning "picture {v}". "imagina 1++ fancy; imaginary; imagination; imagine" removed "1", added meanings "picture; image". "imagine {=imagina} 1X imagine". impiri and imperi (empire/ Imperium, Reich), also imperio, cognate: impera (emperor/ Kaiser). imperi = MG. comand, rule, empire. "imperio 1 command; imperial; rule" removed "1", added "{=imperi} X" and meaning "empire". "impiri ++ empire" changed "++" to "{=imperi} X", added meanings "command; imperial; rule". "imperi ++ command; imperial; rule; empire" item added. index (pointer/ Zeiger) and indexi 1 (index/ Index), "index {=indexi} X index; pointer; sign", "indexi 1+ index; pointer; sign". individu 1 and individua (individual/ individuell), "individu 1+ individual {n}; individual {adj}" and "individua {=individu} X individual {adj}". industri and industria (industry - industrial/ Industrie - industriell), industri MG. industry, industrial. "industria industrial; industry" added "{=industri} X". inerti and inertia (inertia, quiescence/ Trägheit, Ruhe), "inerti 1 inertia; inactive; off; quiescence" (Central list). "inertia {=inerti} X quiescence". inferi and infra 1 (below, beneath, under/ unten, unter), (infra is Glosa 1000, so:) "inferi below; beneath; inferior; under" added "{=infra} X". info 1 and informa 1 (inform/ informieren), "info 1++ inform; information; announce; message; reveal" and "informa {=info} 1X announce". injuri and insuri (injure/ verletzen), (Very similar words, but not necessarily an error. Could be different origin words: insurgo and iniuria). "injuri injure; wrong {v}", "insuri injure; wrong {v}". inkoragi 1 and inkoragio (encourage/ ermutigen), inkoragio MG. "inkoragi 1++ encourage; encouragement" changed "1++" to "{=inkoragio} X". "inkoragio encourage; encouragement" added "++". insigni and insignia (flag/ Flagge), insigni "insigni {=insignia} 1 badge; ensign; banner; flag" changed "{=insignia}" to "++". "insignia 1++ badge; ensigh; banner; flag" changed "1++" to "{=insigni} X". interese and interesti (interest, interesting/ Interesse, interessant), interese.interestidelete "interesti interest" added "{=interese} X". intra-duce and introduce (introduce/ einführen), intra-duce = 1000 (2 words). introduce = MG. (1 word). "intra-duce introduction" added "1++" and meaning "introduce". "introduce 1++ introduce; introduction" changed "1++" to "{=intra-duce} X". invidi and invidio (jealous/ neidisch), (see below, zelo/zeloso) iride 1 and irido and iris (rainbow/ Regenbogen), iridi = 1000, iris = MG. iris, rainbow "iride 1+G iris; rainbow" changed "1+G" to "{=iridi} GX". "irido iris; rainbow" added "{=iridi} GX". "iridi 1+G iris; rainbow" item added. "iris G iris; rainbow" added "{prefer iridi}". iriga and riga (irrigate/ bewässern), dazu aqa, hidro (water/ Wasser), riga = MG. irrigate, to water. aqa = 1000 irrigate, to water. "iriga irrigate" added "{=riga, prefer aqa} X". "riga 1+ irrigate; moisten; water {v}" remains. "aqa 1++ irrigate; soak; water; wet" added meaning "water {v}". "aqarela + water color" changed meaning to "water-color; water-colour" "limfa + clear water" removed "+", added meaning to "water [clear ]". iski and iskio (hip/ Hüfte), "iski 1G hip; thigh", "iskio {=iski} 1GX hip; thigh". iti and itinera (travel/ reisen), itinera = travel. 1000. (The English 5000 to Glosa 1000-list gives iti - itinerary, journey, but the Central Glosa list, p. 30, in the same book makes the distinction itinera - travel and iti - go.) "itinera {=iti} 1 itinerary; journey; travel" removed "{=iti}", added "+". "iti 1++ itinerary; journey; travel" changed "1++" to "{prefer long form itinera} 1". "iti 1++ go" item added. "iti per ... 1++ ride" changed "1++" to "1+". "iti-pe 1 pilgrim" remains.
janu and janua (door/ Tür),
janu = MG. door. (Janus, January, Janitor)
"janua ++ door; doorway; entrance" changed "++" to "{=janu} X".
"janu ++ door; doorway; entrance" item added.
jovi and joviali (jolly, jovial/lustig),
"jovia 1 jolly; jovial" in Central list.
"joviali {=jovia} X jovial".
jura and juri (oath/ Eid),
"jura 1++ oath; swear oath; swear {oath}; take an oath; curse",
"juri {=jura} 1X oath; swear {oath}; curse".
jurnala and jurnali (Zeitung),
jurnali
(jurnala not in GID, jurnali remains:
"jurnali 1++ journal; magazine; newspaper".)
juve and juveni (young, youth/ jung, Jugend),
"juve 1++ young; youth; youthful",
"juveni {=juve} 1X young; youth".
kaeta and kaeto and seta (bristle/Borste),
kaeta + seta = MG bristle.
"kaeta {=kaeto} XG bristle" removed "{=kaeto} X".
"kaeto 1G bristle" changed "1G" to "{=kaeta} GX".
"seta 1+ bristle" remains.
kafa and kafe (coffee/ Kaffee),
"kafe 1++ cafe; care; coffee" made to two items:
"kafe {=kafa} 1X coffee", Simsyn!!!
"kafe 1 café"
("care" certainly typing error).
"kafa coffee" added "1++".
kalipti and kalipto (cover/ verbergen),
"kalipti 1G cover; hide" (in Central list),
"kalipto {=kalipti} GX cover; hide".
kalka and kalko (copper/ Kupfer),
"kalka {=kalko, prefer kupra} 1GX copper",
"kalko 1G copper".
kalki and kalku (heel/ Ferse),
"kalki 1++ heel",
"kalku {=kalki} 1X heel".
kalu 1 and kalus (corn {hard skin}; hard skin/ Hühnerauge, Hornhaut),
kalu MG hard skin, callus
"kalu 1+ corn {hard skin}; hard skin" added meaning "callus".
"kalus corn {hard skin}; hard skin" added "{=kalu} X" and meaning
"callus".
kamae and kame (auf dem Boden [on (the) ground]),
kame = MG on the ground (= Greek as in chamelon, chamomile.)
"kame {=kamae} + on ground; ground {earth}" removed "{=kamae}", added
"G".
"kamae 1 on ground; ground {earth}" changed "1" to "{=kame} GX".
kamerada 1 and kameradi 1 (comrade/ Kamerad),
kamerada MG comrade.
"kamerada 1 comrade; fellow; mate" added "+".
"kameradi 1+ comrade; fellow; mate" changed "1+" to "{=kamerada} X".
kampi and kampo and kampu (camp/ Zeltlager, campen),
kampu = field, camp.
kampa = Greek MG. catterpillar
"kampa G caterpillar" remains.
"kampa {=kampu} 1X camp".
"kampi" not in GID.
"kampo 1++ camp; field" changed "1++" to "{=kampu} 1X".
"kampu {=kampo} camp; field" changed "{=kampo}" to "1++".
kampilo and kampto (curve/ Kurve),
kampto + kampilo MG. curve, band.
(Greek Campylotropal, Campeloma)
"kampilo bend {n}; curve {n}" added "{prefer kurva} G".
"kampto + bend {n}; curve {n}" changed "+" into "{prefer kurva} G".
"kurva 1++ curve; curve {n}" added meaning "bend {n}".
kancela and kanceli (cancel/ Schranke),
kancela
"kancela {=kanceli} 1X cancel; lattice" changed "{=kanceli} 1X" to
"1++".
"kanceli 1++ cancel; lattice" changed "1++" to "{=kancela} X".
kancera and kanceri 1 and kancero 1 (Krabbe, Krebs),
kancera 1000 crab.
"kancera cancer; crab; lattice" added "1++".
"kanceri 1++ cancer; crab; lattice" changed "1++" to "{=kancera} X".
"kancero 1 cancer; crab; lattice" changed "1" to "{=kancera} X".
kanesce and kanuto (hoary/ altersgrau, grau),
kaneske MG = becoming gray
kanuto MG = gray, hoary
(This must be cleared up: some words end with -sce and some with -ske.
That should be uniform! Here I will let it kanesce.)
"kanesce gray; grey; hoary" added meaning "gray [becoming ]".
"kanuto + ashy; hoary" added meanings "gray; grey".
kani and kanis (dog/ Hund),
kani = 1000 dog.
"kanis canine; dog" added "{=kani} X".
kanta and kanti (sing/ singen),
kanta = 1000 sing, song.
(kanti not in GID. kanta has "1++" and remains.)
kapila and pili (hair/ Haar), also kome, triko, vilo,
to that: hirsuto, dasi (hairy/ haarig),
kapila = 1000 hair.
Also MG = pili, kome, triko,
+ vilo = tuft of hair
(trichology, comet, piliferous, villous. triko + pili most common
of these 4.)
Also hirsuto + dasi.
(hirsute Latin. dasytes Greek.).
"kapila 1++ hair" remains.
"pili hair" added "{=kapila} X", because only one synonym with the
same root should remain and that is Glosa1000-kapila.
"kome G hair" added "{=kapila} X", because there are too many words
starting with kom-.
"triko G hair" added "{prefer kapila}".
"vilo + fur; hair {shaggy}" added meaning "tuft {hair}".
"hirsuto + hairy" remains, though it is not satisfying.
"dasi G hairy; dasy" remains, though it is not satisfying.
kapitala (capital[city]) / kapitali (capital[money]),
kapitala = city. kapitali = capital/money.
(Items remain, though it is not beautiful:
"kapitala 1++ capital {city}" and
"kapitali 1++ capital {money}").
kapitana and kapitano (captain/ Kapitän),
kapitana
"kapitana {=kapitano} 1 captain; skipper" changed "{=kapitano} 1" to
"1++".
"kapitano 1++ captain; skipper" changed "1++" to "{=kapitana} 1X".
kapsa and kapsu (parcel, box/ Paket, Kapsel) and kapsula (small box),
kapsu box, capsule
"kapsa 1 box; capsule; parcel" changed "1" to "{=kapsu} X".
"kapsula + box {small}" remains, though not satisfying.
kara and karo (dear/ lieb),
karo ... dear ...
"kara dear" added "{=karo} X".
karce 1 and karcera 1 (cage; jail/ Käfig, Gefängnis),
karcera cage (incarcerate)
"karce {=karcera} 1 cage; imprison; incarcerate; jail; prison" added
"X". "karcera 1++ cage; imprison; incarcerate; jail; prison"
remains.
kardia and kordi (heart/ Herz),
kardia = 1000 heart (cardiac, Greek)
kordi = MG heart (cordial, concord, Latin).
"kordi 1++ core; heart" changed "1++" to "{prefer kardia}".
"kordiali hearty; warm {emotional}" added "{prefer kardia}".
"kardia 1+G cardiac; heart" removed meaning "cardiac" (seems to be
only an etymological hint), added meanings "core; hearty; warm
{emotional}", changed "1+G" to "1++G".
kardus and Karduus 1 (thistle/ Distel),
kardus = thistle
"kardus thistle" added "+".
"Karduus 1+ thistle" changed "1+" to "{=kardus} X".
karpu 1 and karpus (wrist/ Handgelenk) [but: karpo G (fruit)]
karpu = wrist, carpus
"karpu 1++ wrist" added meaning "carpus".
"karpus wrist" added "{=karpu} X".
kartilago and kartilagino (gristle/ Knorpel),
"kartilago 1 cartilage; gristle",
"kartilagino {=kartilago} X gristle".
kasma and kasmo 1G (chasm/ Spalte),
kasmo = chasm
"kasma G chasm" added "{=kasmo} X".
"kasmo 1+G chasm" remains.
kastela and kastelum (castle - fort/ Schloss - Festung),
kastela = castle. kastelum ?? delete. if in our books.
"kastela 1++ castle" added meaning "fort".
"kastelum fort" added "{=kastela} X" and meaning "castle".
"forta 1++ fort" changed "1++" to "1+".
kastor and kastora 1 (beaver/ Biber),
kastora = beaver
"kastor beaver" added "{=kastora} X". "kastora 1+ beaver" remains.
katalisi and katalizi (advantage/ Vorteil),
"katalisi 1+G catalysis; advantage; aid; help",
"katalizi {=katalisi} 1X advantage".
kataloga 1 and katalogo (catalogue/ Katalog),
kataloga = catalogue
"katalogo G catalogue" added "{=kataloga} X". "kataloga 1+G
catalogue" remains.
You can have a look at Wendy Ashby's notes to the following words in her hand-writing.
katedra and katedrali 1G (cathedral/ Kathedrale),
katedrali - cathedral.
"katedra G cathedral" added "{=katedrali} X", "katedrali 1+G
cathedral" remains.
kavaleri 1 and kavalo (cavalry/ Kavallerie),
kavaleri = cavalry.
"kavalo cavalry; horse" made to two items:
"kavalo {=kavaleri} X cavalry" and
"kavalo {prefer Equs} horse".
("kavaleri 1+ cavalry" remains. Unfortunately similar word "kavalero".)
"kavalero 1 knight" added meaning "cavalier {n}".
kaverno, kavita, kavo (hollow - cavity/ hohl - Höhle),
also gialo, glafiro, kimba, koelo,
kavita = 1000 hollow, cavity
also MG kaverna (most common), kavo (2nd choice), koelo (3rd).
rarer = glafiro, gilo, kimba
(see above, foleo/ goleo. Note: there Wendy prefered kaverno !!!
kaverna is in a lot of 1000-lists, so it is not MG !!!
Book "G6000" says gialo, not gilo. I think, an error of Wendy.)
"glafiro G hollow" added "{take kavita} X".
"gialo G hollow" added "{take kavita} X".
"kimba G hollow" added "{take kavita} X".
kefa and korifa (head/ Kopf),
(Greek κορυφα~ιος - being at top, κεφαλ'η - head.
Items remain, though not beautiful.)
keilo and kilo (lip/ Lippe),
"keilo {prefer labia} 1G lip",
"kilo {=keilo, prefer labia for lip or margina for rim} GX lip;
rim".
keiro and kiro (hand/ Hand),
"keiro 1 hand",
"kiro {=keiro, prefer manu} GX hand".
kemi and kemiko (chemistry - chemical/ Chemie - chemisch),
kemi = chemical.
"kemi ++G chemistry" added meaning "chemical".
"kemiko ++ chemical" changed "++" to "{take kemi} X".
kerati and kero (horn/ Horn),
"kerati 1++G horn",
"kero {=kerati} 1GX horn".
kerosena 1 (paraffin) and kerosina 1G (kerosene),
kerosena = paraffin.
"kerosina 1G kerosene; paraffin" added "{=kerosena} X", "kerosena 1G
kerosene; paraffin" remains.
kilindra and kilindri (cylinder/ Zylinder),
kilindra = cylinder
(kilindri not in GID.)
kilogram and kilograma (kilogram/ Kilogramm),
kilograma
(Although Wendy preferes kilograma, Marcel preferes kilogram. A
single gram with -a could be mixed up with grama=letter. See also
English kilogram, French kilogramme, German Kilogramm, all withoug
"a".)
"gram gram",
"kilogram kilogram",
"kilograma {=kilogram} X kilogram".
kilometra and kilometri (kilometer/ Kilometer),
kilometri
(Here I do not follow Wendy's suggestion. Earlier discussions in
glosalist (1999) resulted in metri for "measure" and metra for the unit
meter. I will keep this agreement.)
"kilometri {=kilometra} X kilometer; kilometre" item added.
ki (move, go) and kineti and kinesi (moving, motion),
klasti 1G and klasto (smash/ zerschlagen),
"klasti 1G crush; smash" and
"klasto {=klasti} 1GX smash".
kleida and kleidi (zuschließen),
klausuro and kleisto (enclose/ einschließen),
klaustro (closed/ geschlossen),
exklude (exclude, exclusive/ ausschließen, ausschließlich),
klavi and kleido (key/ Schlüssel),
don't mix up: klausto (mournful/ traurig),
klude = 1000 to close. MG. klaustro
kleido = MG. key. 1000 = klavi.
kleisto MG., enclose, including.
exklude. exclude, except.
(kleida and kleidi not in GID. Remaining items:
"klavi 1++ close {with key}; key; lock {v}; plug {elec}",
"inklude 1++ enclose; include" and
"inklude-ra 1*++ enclosure")
"exklude 1++ exclude; exclusive" added meaning "except".
"excepti 1++ except" changed "1++" to "1+".
"klaustro closed; shut {closed}" added "{prefer ge-klude}".
"klausuro enclose" added "{prefer inklude}".
"kleda G enclosure" added "{prefer inklude-ra}".
"kleido G key" added "{prefer klavi}".
"kleisto G enclose; wrap" added "{prefer inklude}", removed meaning
"wrap", because it cannot be found in any list.
klise and klisi (wash/ waschen),
"klise {=klisi} GX wash",
"klisi 1G bath [take a ]; wash".
kodoni and kodono (bell/ Glocke),
"kodoni {=kodono} 1GX bell",
"kodono 1G bell".
kognate and kognati and kognato (related/ verwandt),
kognato MG. cognate
(kognate not in GID.)
"kognati 1++ related" changed "1++" to "{=kognato} X".
"kognato related" added "++".
koito and koitu and koitus (connect/ verbinden),
"koito {=koitus} 1X connect; join; mate {v, animals}",
"koitu {=koitus} 1X connect; join",
"koitus 1+ coition; coitus; connect; copulation; join; mate {v,
animals}".
koku 1 and kokus (berry/ Beere),
koku 1000 berry. kokus MG. berry, coccus.
"kokus berry" added "{=koku} X". "koku 1++G berry" remains.
kolapse and kolapsi 1 (collapse/ Kollaps),
kolapse
"kolapse collapse" added "+".
"kolapsi 1+ collapse" changed "1+" to "{=kolapse} X".
kolea and koleo (sheath/ Scheide (Schwert-)),
kolea MG. sheath.
"koleo G sheath" added "{=kolea} X".
"kolea 1+ sheath" changed "1+" to "+G".
kolegi 1 and kolegia (college),
(kolegia is not in a Glosa 1000 list, so kolegi should be prefered.)
"kolegia college" added "{=kolegi} X". "kolegi 1++ college" remains.
kolora 1 and kolori 1 and koloro (color/ Farbe),
kolora
"kolora 1 color; colour; tinge" added "+".
"kolori 1+ color; colour; tinge" changed "1+" to "{=kolora} X".
"koloro color; colour; tinge" added "{=kolora} X".
"bi-koloro + two-colored" changed "+" to "{=bi-kolora} X".
"bi-kolora +* two-colored" item added.
"bikoloro {=bi-koloro} two-colored" changed "{=bi-koloro}" to
"{=bi-kolora} X".
Kolumba 1 and kolumbi (dove, pigeon/ Taube),
kolumba MG. pidgeon, dove
"Kolumba 1+ dove; pigeon" removed "1".
"kolumbi dove; pigeon" added "{=Kolumba} X".
kolumna and kolumni 1 (column/ Säule, Spalte),
kolumni, column.
"kolumna column" added "{=kolumni} X". "kolumni 1++ column" remains.
komanda and manda (command/ Befehl, befehlen),
also komando (commando/ Kommando)
komanda 1000. manda MG.
"manda command" added "{prefer komanda}". "komanda 1++ command"
remains.
komerci 1 and komercia 1 (trade/ Handel, handeln),
komerci commerce
"komercia {=komerci} 1 commerce; trade" changed "1" to "X".
"komerci 1++ commerce; trade" remains.
komo and qo-modo and qo-mode (how/ wie)
dazu mode (method, way/ Methode, Weg), mono-mode (singular/ einzeln),
(The Latin origin is "quomodo", but as Glosa compound qo-mode is better,
because qo and mode are Glosa-words.)
"qo-modo? how?" added "{=qo-mode} X", because of "mode".
"qo-mode? 1++ how" remains.
"komo? 1++ how; how?" changed "++" to "+".
kompara and kompari (compare/ vergleichen),
"kompara 1++ compare; comparison" and
"kompari {=kompara} 1X compare".
kompele and kompulsi (compel),
"kompele compel" added "{also kompulsi, prefer dina}".
"kompulsi compel" added "{also kompele, prefer dina}".
komposi 1 (compose) and kompositi 1 (composite; composition; compound)
and kompositio (composition) and komposito (composite; compound).
komposi, compose. 1000.
(Not beautiful to have different words for compose (komposi) and
composition (kompositi), without regular derivation! So
"komposi 1++ compose" and "kompositi 1++ composite; composition;
compound" remain.)
"kompositio composition" added "{=kompositi} X".
"komposito composite; compound" added "{=kompositi} X".
kompromisi and kompromise (compromise/ Kompromiss),
"kompromisi {=kompromise} 1X compromise",
"kompromise 1++ compromise".
koncesi and koncesio (lease/ leasen),
"koncesi 1 lease; rent",
"koncesio {=koncesi} 1X lease; rent".
koncili and koncilia (advice, advise/ beraten, Beratung, Rat)
and konsili and konsilia (counsel/ Rat, raten),
koncili. konsili.
(Unfortunately Wendy's note does not clear the difference between
koncili and konsili.
German translations:
council - Kollegium.
advice - Beratung, Ratschlag, Hinweisgabe, Rat.
advise - anraten, raten, mitteilen, benachrichtigen.
conciliate - beschwichtigen, vermitteln.
counsel - Beratung, Ratschlag.
recommend - befürworten, empfehlen.
Latin words:
consilium - Ratsversammlung, Rat, Absicht, Einsicht.
conciliare - sich geneigt machen, für sich gewinnen,
empfehlen.
concilium - Zusammenkunft, Versammlung.
... I think, koncili and koncilia are two different words, though
it is not beautiful.)
"koncili 1++ council" added meaning "assembly" (Latin concilium).
"koncilia 1+ advice; advise; conciliate" removed meaning "advice",
added meaning "recommend" (Latin conciliare).
"konsilia counsel" added "{=konsili} X". "konsili 1++ advice; advise;
counsel; recommend" remains (Latin consilium).
konifera and konifero (conifer/ Nadelbaum, Konifere),
(konifera not in GID.)
konjuga and konjunkti (join/ verbinden),
"konjuga + join together; join {connection}; put together",
"konjunkti {=konjuga} X join {connection}".
konka and konko (shell/ Muschel),
"konka 1G shell {animal}; snail",
"konko {=konka} 1GX shell".
konkavi and konkavo (concave/ konkav),
"konkavi {=konkavo} 1X concave; dent",
"konkavo 1+ concave; dent".
konstanta and konstanto (constant/ konstant),
"konstanta 1 constant",
"konstanto {=konstanta} X constant".
kontenta and kontento (content/ zufrieden),
"kontenta {=kontento} X content; constituent",
"kontento 1++ content; constituent".
kontinu (continue/ forfahren) and
kontinuo (continuous/ ununterbrochen, fortlaufend)
kontinu
"kontinu 1+ continue" added meaning "continuous".
"kontinuo continuous" added "{=kontinu} X".
konvoluti and konvolve (convolution/ Windung),
"konvoluti 1 convolution; wind around",
"konvolve {=konvoluti} X wind around".
kopa and kope (row/ rudern),
"kopa {=kope} 1GX oar; row {a boat}",
"kope 1++G oar; row {a boat}".
koragi and koragio (courage/ Mut),
koragi
"koragio 1 brave; courage; courageous" changed "1" to "{=koragi} X".
"koragi 1++ brave; courage; courageous" remains.
korako and Korax and kornix (crow/ Krähe, krähen), and
korvo 1 (crow) and korvus (raven),
korvo general word for crow. Others = korako, korax, kornix.
"korvo 1 crow; raven" added "+".
"korvus crow; raven" added "{=korvo} X".
"korako crow; raven" added "{=Korax, prefer korvo} X".
"Korax 1+ crow; raven" removed "+", added "{prefer korvo}".
"kornix crow" added "{prefer korvo}".
korba and korbe 1 and korbi (basket/ Korb),
korbi basket.
"korba basket" added "{=korbi} X".
"korbe 1++ basket" changed "1++" to "{=korbi} X".
korema and koretra (broom/ Besen),
longi brosa = 1000 broom. MG. korema.
"brosa 1++ broom; brush; scrub; sweep; sweep {brush}" removed meanings
"broom; sweep {brush}".
"brosa [(longi) ] 1++ broom" item added.
"korema G broom" added "{prefer (longi) brosa}".
"koretra G broom" added "{=korema, prefer (longi) brosa} X".
korode and korodi (corrode/ korrodieren, zerfressen),
korode corrode.
(korodi not in GID.)
kosina and kusina (cousin/ Cousin),
"kosina {=kusina} 1X cousin" (see below, Glosa Homonym) and
"kusina 1+ cousin".
kosmeti and kosmetika 1G (cosmetic/ Kosmetik),
kosmetiko G (beautifying),
kosmeti cosmetic
"kosmetika 1+G beautifying; cosmetic" changed "1+G" to "{=kosmeti} GX".
"kosmetiko G beautifying; cosmetic" added "{=kosmeti} X".
"kosmeti +G cosmetic; beautifying" item added.
kotona and kotoni (Baumwolle),
kotona, gosipi cotton
(kotoni not in GID.)
"gosipi G cotton" added "{prefer kotona}".
krania and kraniu (skull/ Schädel),
[Greek kranion, English "cranium"]
krania skull, cranium
"kraniu {=krania} 1X cranium; skull" removed "1", while "krania 1++
cranium; skull" remains.
kredita and kredito (credit/ Kredit, Guthaben, Ansehen),
kredito credit
"kredita credit" added "{=kredito} X", while "kredito 1++ credit"
remains.
krepuscula 1 and krepuskula (twilight/ Zwielicht),
krepuskula okay, krepuscula misprint, delete.
"krepuscula 1+ twilight" item deleted.
"krepuskula twilight" added "+".
kresce and krescenta and olesce (grow/ wachsen),
(see also exkresce and adoleske)
kresce = 1000 grow, become
MG. = Latin oleske as in adolescent become adult.
(Perhaps unnecessary: "adoleske grow up" !?)
"krescenta 1 crescent" changed "1" to "{=kresce} X", while "kresce 1++
crescent; grow; growth; increase" remains.
"olesce grow" item deleted.
"oleske {prefer kresce} grow" item added.
"krescita + freshen" certainly typing error, changed to "frescita",
added "{=fresko} X".
"fresko 1++ fresh; ventilation" added meaning "freshen".
kresta and krusta, see also lofi and lophi (crest/ Haube),
kresta = 1000 crest
MG = lofi (as in lopni)
krusta = crust.
"krusta 1 crest; crust; scab" added "+", removed meaning "crest".
"kresta 1+ crest; ridge" remains.
"lofi G crest" added "{prefer kresta}".
"lofo 1G crest" removed "1", added "{=lofi, prefer kresta} X".
(lophi not in GID.
German translations:
crest - Bergrücken, Kamm, Büschel, Haube, Gipfelpunkt,
Scheitelpunkt, Mähne
ridge - Grat
crust - Kruste, Frechheit
scab - Krätze, Schorf)
kri and krita (cry/ schreien),
"kri {=krita} 1X cry {scream}"
"krita 1+ cry out; cry {scream}; scream; shriek"
kribri and kribro (sieve/ Sieb, sieben),
kribri = sieve
"kribro sieve; sift" added "{=kribri} X".
"kribri 1+ sieve; sift" remains.
kripti and kripto (geheim),
kripti hide, cryptic
"kripti 1++G hide; conceal; cryptic; hidden; mask {v}; mystery;
stealthy" item added.
"kripto 1++G hide; conceal; cryptic; hidden; mystery; stealthy"
changed "1++G" to "{=kripti} 1GX", added meaning "mask {v}".
"kripto-ra 1+ mask" changed "1+" to "{=kripti-ra} 1X", changed meaning
to "mask {n}".
"kripti-ra 1+ mask {n}" item added.
krisi and krisis (crisis/ Krise),
"krisi 1++G crisis; critical {crisis}",
"krisis {=krisi} 1GX crisis; critical {crisis}".
kristi and kristo (Christian/ christlich),
(in Deutsch-Glosa1000: kristo-nati, 18Steps: Kristo-nati,
G6000: Kristo-nati, CentralGlosa: kristo-pe, kristo-nati, Kristi Bibli,
no-Kristi. Only two times Kristi, so it is kristo!).
"Kristi Bibli 1 Bible [the ]" changed "1" to "{=Kristo-Bibli} 1X".
"Kristo-Bibli 1* Bible [the ]" item added.
"no-Kristi 1 heathen" changed "1" to "{=no-Kristo} 1X".
"no-Kristo 1* heathen" item added.
kritici and kritika and kritiki (critisize/ kritisieren),
kritici okay, criticize. (kritika, -iki delete)
(Remaining items:
"kriti-pe {=kritici-pe} 1X critic" and
"kritici tristo 1 reproach".)
"kriti-pe 1 critic" item deleted.
"kritici-pe 1+* critic" item added.
"kritici 1++G criticize; rebuke; review; scold" remains.
"kritika 1 criticize" added "{=kritici} X".
"kritiki criticize" added "{=kritici} X".
"kritiki-ra criticism" added "{=kritici-ra} X".
"kritici-ra +* criticism" item added.
krokodilo and krokodilus 1G (crocodile/ Krokodil),
krokodilus
"krokodilo G crocodile" added "{=krokodilus} X", while "krokodilus
1+G crocodile" remains.
krude and krudi (raw/ roh),
"krude {=krudi} 1X tasteless; uncultured; uncouth; vulgar",
"krudi 1++ raw; blunt {rude}; rough; rude; tasteless; uncouth;
uncultured; vulgar".
ktena and pektina (comb/ Kamm, kämmen),
pektina = 1000 comb.
ktena = MG comb. (Greek ctenophore)
"ktena G comb" added "{prefer pektina}", while "pektina 1++ comb"
remains.
kubita and kubito (elbow/ Ellenbogen),
kubita elbow.
"kubito elbow" added "{=kubita} X", while "kubita 1++ elbow; nudge"
remains.
kuku 1 and kukulus (cuckoo/ Kuckuck),
kukulus = cuckoo.
"kuku 1+ cuckoo" changed "1+" to "{=kukulus} X".
"kukulus cuckoo" added "+".
kukurbi 1 and kukurbita (gourd/ Kürbis),
kukurbita = gourd.
"kukurbi 1+ gourd" changed "1+" to "{=kukurbita} 1X".
"kukurbita gourd" added "+".
kulti and kultiva (cultivate/ kultivieren),
kulti = cultivate 1000
kultiva = MG. cultivate
"kulti 1++ cultivate; raise {agriculture}; till {cultivate}".
"kultiva {prefer kulti} cultivate; till {cultivate}".
"a kron {=a-kron} 1 punctual; till; until" changed "till" to
"till {until}".
"a-kron 1++ punctual; till; until" changed "till" to "till {until}".
"kasa cash box; till {n}" changed meanings to "cash-box; till {cash}",
added meaning "cash-register".
kune and kunea (wedge/ Keil),
kune wedge
"kunea wedge" added "{=kune} X", while "kune 1++ wedge" remains.
kursi and kursu (run/ Kurs, Kursus, Lauf, laufen),
kursi run MG.
(kursu not in GID.)
kurta and kurte (shorten/ kürzen),
"kurta {=kurte} X shorten",
"kurte 1 short; shorten; brief".
labora and labori and laboro (work/ Arbeit, Labor),
ergo = work 1000, labori work MG.
(labori is in Central Glosa p. 40, but labora fits
better to elabora, ko-labora, laboratori, also to Latin verb
laborare).
"labora 1+ labor; labour; work {n}; work {v}",
"labori {=labora, prefer ergo} 1X labor; labour; work {n}; work {v}",
"laboro {=labora, prefer ergo} 1X labor; labour; work".
laevo 1 and levo 1 (left-hand),
laevo = 1000 left(-hand) delete levo
"laevo 1 left {hand}; left-hand" added "++".
"levo 1++ left {hand}; left-hand" changed "1++" to "{=laevo} X".
lakri and lakrima (tear/ Träne),
(lakrima is in Central Glosa, p. 40, so it should be prefered.)
"lakri {=lakrima} 1++ tear {eye}; cry {weep}; weep {cry}" changed
"{=lakrima} 1++" to "{short form of lakrima} 1".
"lakrima {=lakri} 1+ tear {eye}; cry {weep}; weep {cry}" changed
"{=lakri} 1+" to "{or short form lakri} 1++".
lali and lalia (chatter/ plappern),
"lali 1G chatter" (Central-list),
"lalia {=lali} GX chatter".
lami and lamina (slice/ Scheibe),
"lami 1 slice; plate; film; layer; laminate; pane; sheet",
"lamina 1++ slice; plate; film; layer; laminate; pane; sheet",
Central-list.
lance and lonka (lance/ Lanze),
(also lancina (tear to peaces))
lance = lance 1st choice, lonka 2 (Greek)
"lance 1++ lance; spear" changed "++" to "+".
"lonka lance; spear" added "{prefer lance} G".
lapse and lapso (slide/ gleiten),
(also a cognate: "lapsu error"!)
"lapse 1 slide; slip {slide}", Central-list.
"lapso {=lapse} 1X slide; slip {slide}".
latex 1 and latici 1 (rubber/ Gummi),
latex (1) + latici (2) = rubber, MG.
(see above, guma/gumi ...)
laxa 1 and laxi 1 (loose/ verlieren),
laxa loose.
(Items remain:
"laxa 1++ lax; loose; slack",
"laxi {=laxa} 1X lax; loose; slack".)
You can have a look at Wendy Ashby's notes to the following words in her hand-writing.
legier and levia (light/ leicht), levia = light (not heavy) 1000,leigerdelete. "legier {=levia} X light {not heavy}; weight [light ]; nimble" item deleted. leguma and legumi (vegetable/ Gemüse) "leguma {=legumi} 1X greens; pot-herb; vegetable" and "legumi 1+ vegetable; bean; greens; legume; pea; pot-herb". Leo and leoni (lion/ Löwe) "Leo 1+ lion" (original Latin word and scientifical zoological name). "leoni {=Leo} 1X lion", Central-list. lepi and lepido (scale/ Schuppe), (lepido is in "Central Glosa", p. 40, so it should be prefered.) "lepi {=lepido} 1G scale {body cover}" added "X". "lepido {=lepi} 1++G scale {body cover}" removed "{=lepi}". lepu and Lepus 1 (hare/ Hase), lepus hare "lepu hare" added "{=Lepus} X". lexiko and lexikon (dictionary, lexicon/ Wörterbuch), lexi = word MG. = 1000 verba. lexiko = dictionary MG. (1000 verba-bibli, verba-lista.) "lexi 1G word" changed "1G" to "{prefer verba} G". "lexikon dictionary; lexicon" added "{=lexiko} X". "lexiko 1++G dictionary; lexicon" changed "1++G" to "1+G". "verba lista 1+ vocabulary" changed to "verba-lista", changed "1+" to "1++", added meaning "dictionary". "verbi word" added "{=verba} X". "verbi-bibli ++ dictionary" changed "++" to "{=verba-bibli} X". "verba-bibli 1++ dictionary" item added. "adverba adverb" added "+". "adverbi 1+ adverb" changed "1+" to "{=adverba} X". "akti-verbi ++ verb" changed "++" to "{=akti-verba} X". "akti-verba ++ verb" item added. "deskribe-verbi ++ adjective; adverb" changed "++" to "{=deskribe-verba} X", removed meaning "adverb". "deskribe-verba ++ adjective; adverb" item added. "klavi verba 1 verb" changed to "klavi-verba". "sakri-verbi oath" added "{=sakri-verba} X". "sakri-verba oath" item added. "vice-verba 1 pronoun" added "+". limaci and Limax 1 (slug/ Schnecke), (Limax is in a Glosa1000-list, so it should be prefered.) "limaci slug; snail" added "{=Limax} X". limbi and loma (hem/ Saum, säumen), also giso, "borda border" added "{prefer margina}". "giso G border; hem" added "{prefer margina}". "kosimba G border; edge" added "{prefer margina}". "kraspedo G border" added "{prefer margina}" and meaning "hem". "limbi border; hem" added "{prefer margina}". "loma G fringe; hem" added "{prefer margina}", changed "fringe" to "fringe {border}". "margina 1++ border; brim; edge; hem {border}; kerb; margin; rim; verge" added meaning "fringe {border}". "teretro +G border {n}" removed "+", changed "border {n}" to "borer" !!! because of Greek "teretron". Added "{prefer fora-ru}", added meaning "drill {tool}". "fora 1++ hole; bore {hole}; leak; perforate; pierce; puncture" added meaning "drill {v, make holes}" "exercise 1++ drill {military}; exercise; practice" changed "drill {military}" to "drill {training}". (Greek: kraspedon - Rand, Saum: Abhang; Flügel eines Heeres; Zipfel, Troddel, Quaste. teretron - Bohrer (English borer) !!! German translations: border - Grenze, Rand, Saum, Rahmen, Einfassung. hem - (Kleider-)Saum, säumen. fringe - Franse; Ponyfrisur; Rand, Einfassung, Umrandung; Randbezirk, Randgebiet, Randzone.) ligna and ligni (wood/ Holz), "ligna {=ligni} 1X wood {substance}". "ligni 1 timber; wood {substance}". limi and limo (mud/ Schlamm), limo = 1000 mud "limo 1 mud" changed "1" to "1++", added meaning "slime". "limi 1++ mud; slime" changed "1++" to "{=limo} X". limni and limno (lake/ See), (limni not in GID. Nothing done.) linu and Linum (flax/ Flachs), "linu {=Linum} 1X linen; flax", "Linum 1+ linen; flax", Central-list. liqi and liqui (juice/ Saft), "liqi 1++ liquid; fuse; juice; liquefy; liquify; melt; thaw". "liqui {=liqui} 1X juice". lisi and liso (smooth/ glatt), (Greek λ'ις - glatt (smooth), but: λ'υσις - Lösung, Auflösung, Trennung (separate). and: λ'υσσα - Wut, Raserei (crazy, mad). So, here are three different Greek words!) "lisi 1++G analysis; isolate; separate; smooth" removed meaning "smooth". "lisi {=liso, prefer glabro} GX smooth" item added. "lisimakia +G loosestrife" (German: Pfennigkraut) removed "+". "liso G crazy; mad; smooth" removed meaning "smooth". "liso {prefer glabro} G smooth" item added. "liso-line 1+ streamline" removed "1+", added "{prefer glabro-line}". "glabro-line 1+* streamline" item added. "liso-ru 1 file {tool}" (Feile), could be mixed up with "lisi-ru 1 spanner" (Schraubenschlüssel). In book "18 Steps", p. 41, there is "rase-ru" for "file", but "rase" is not in any list. With "raspa" (scrape) it would be "raspa-ru", but "raspa" is no Glosa1000-word. "razo" is Glosa1000, but is also "shave", so "razo-ru" could be mixed up with "razo-me" (razor). "frika scrape" seems best to me, so ... "liso-ru 1 file {tool}" changed "1" to "{=frika-ru} X", while "lisi-ru 1 spanner" remains, though not beautiful. "frika-ru 1* file {tool}" item added. livra, livre and livri (deliver/ liefern), livra = deliver MG. "livra 1++ deliver". "livre {=livra} 1X deliver". lofi and lofo (crest/ Haube), lofi (see above, kresta) loka and loki (put/ setzen), loka "loka 1++ ...". "loki {=loka} 1X put". long and longi (length, long - along/ lang, Länge - entlang), also doliko, makro, oblongi (oblong) longi (longi - extent of time, too, or only space ??? ) "doliko G long" added "{prefer longi}", changed "long" to "long {adj}" (Greek δολιχ'ος). "long length; long" added "{=longi} X", changed meaning "long" to "long {adj}". "longi 1++ along; length; long; long {adj}" removed meaning "long". "makro G long" added "{prefer longi}", changed "long" to "long {adj}". "oblongi 1+ oblong" remains, though not beautiful. "fo-volu 1++ ambition; appetite; desire; long for; yearn" changed "long for" to "long {v} for". lucifera and lucifero (matchstick/ Streichholz), "lucifera {=lucifero} X matchstick" "lucifero 1 matchstick; match {stick}". ludi and ludo (play - game/ spielen - Spiel), ludi = MG. "ludi play" added "++" and changed meanings to "play {game}; fun {play}; game". "ludo 1++ fun; game" changed "1++" to "{=ludi} X" and meanings to "play {game}; fun {play}; game". "hedo 1++G fun; gay {happy}; glad; glee; good-humoured; happiness; happy; joy; like to; merry; pleasant; pleased; pleasure; rejoice" changed meaning "fun" to "fun {feeling}". "sporta 1++ game; play {game}; sport" changed meanings to "sport; game {especially sport}; play {especially sport}". "joko 1++ jest; joke; joke [play a ]; play" changed meaning to "play {joke}". lukta and lukti (fight/ kämpfen), "lukta 1++ fight; strive; struggle; wrestle". "lukto {=lukta} 1X fight". lutea and luteo (yellow/ gelb), "lutea 1 yellow; brownish", "luteo {=lutea} X yellow; brownish".
makina and mekani and mekina (machine/ Maschine), makina = machine, motor. mekani = mechanism, devicemekanadelete (mekana not in GID.) "makina 1++G engine; machine; machinery" added meaning "motor". "me[-] {=mekani} 1++ device" added meaning "mechanism". "mekani 1++G device; mechanic; mechanical" added meaning "mechanism". mapa (map/ Landkarta) and mapamunda (map of the world/ Welkarte), "mapamunda map of the world" added "{=munda-carta} X". "munda-carta 1+* map of the world" item added. margari 1G (pearl) and margarita G (pearl, also 1 daisy), "margarina 1 margarine" added "+". (Other items remain: "margari 1++G pearl", "margari-zo 1+ string of pearls", "margarita 1 daisy; marguerite", "margarita {=margari} GX pearl".) marmelada and marmelade 1 (jam/ Marmelade), "marmelada jam; marmalade" added "{=marmelade} X", while "marmelade 1+ jam; marmalade" remains. marona 1 and maroni (maroon - chestnut/ Esskastanie - Kastanie), marona "maroni chestnut; maroon" added "{=marona} X", while "marona 1+ chestnut; maroon" remains. martira 1G and martiro (martyr/ Märtyrer), martira "martiro G martyr" added "{=martira} X". matema and mati (learn/ lernen), "matema 1G learn; learning; lesson", Central-list, but "gene sko" should be prefered. "mati {=matema, prefer gene sko} GX learn". matematika and mati (maths/ Mathematik), "matematika 1+G math; mathematics; maths", "mati {=matematika} GX maths". materi and materia (matter/ Stoff), materia "materi 1 matter; stuff" added "{=materia} X". matri 1 and meter and metri and metro (mother/ Mutter) [metro also measure!] ("matri 1++ mother" remains.) "meter G mother; womb" added "{take matri for mother, uteri for womb} X". "metro {=matri} GX mother; womb" changed "{=matri}" to "{take matri for mother, uteri for womb}". "metro-polis +G mother city" changed meaning to "metropolis; city [mother ]". medi and medio (middle/ mitten) "medi {=medio} 1X middle" though in Central-list, "medio 1+ middle; average; amid; centre; medial; medium {middle}; mid; moderate; mean {middle}; normal". mei and meio (less/ weniger), mei 1000 less, lessen. "mei 1++ decrease; less; minor; wane" added meaning "lessen". "meio ++G less; lessen" changed "++G" to "{=mei} GX". mela G and melano 1G (black/ schwarz), ("melano 1++G black" remains.) "mela {=melano} G black" added "X". melo and melosi (dwindle/ abnehmen), melosi MG. "mei 1++ less; lessen; decrease; minor; wane" added meaning "dwindle". "melo 1G dwindle" added "{=melosi, take mei} X", removed "1". "melosi 1G dwindle" added "{prefer mei}", removed "1". meno and mense and mensi (month/ Monat), "meno 1++G month; monthly", "mense menses; menstruation; month", "mensi {take meno} 1X month; monthly" (from Español-bibli). mensura and metri (measure/ messen), metri = 1000 mensura = MG Latin "mensura measure" added "{prefer metri}". menta 1 (chin, also mental, mind and mint) and mentu (chin/ Kinn), mentu = chin menta = mind. 1000 menta = MG. mint (menthol) "menta 1++ chin; mental; mind" removed meaning "chin". "mentu chin" added "++". "Menta 1 mint" removed "1". merca and merka and merko (purchase/ kaufen, Kauf), merka = 1000 to buy merca = was when Glosa not phonetic. Sometimes "C", "PH" + "CH" have not been changed by mistake, and sometimes explains why "Y", "K", "F" not always in correct alphabetical order. "merca purchase" added "{=merka} X". "merko-vendo-pe 1 merchant" added "{=merka-vendo-pe} X". "merka-vendo-pe 1* merchant" item added. merita and merito 1 (deserve/ verdienen), merito "merita deserve; earn; merit" added "{=merito} X". meso and medio (middle), note also: medieva (middle ages/ Mittelalter), meso Greek = 1000 middle, centre. medio = MG. middle, centre Latin (mediocre) "meso 1++G amid; middle" added meanings "centre; average; moderate; mean {middle}". "medio 1++ average; middle; moderate; means {middle}" added meaning "centre", changed "means" to "mean", changed "++" to "+". "semani 1++G mean {v}; meaning" changed "mean {v}" to "mean {signify}". "signifi 1 mean; signify" changed "mean" to "mean {signify}". "abjekti mean" changed "mean" to "mean {paltry}, mean {not nice}" (cf. Latin abiectus). "volu akti 1++ mean {v}" changed "mean {v}" to "mean {intend to do}". "volu dice 1++ mean {v}" changed "mean {v}" to "mean {intedn to say}". "per 1++ by means of; per" added meaning "means of [by ]". metra and metri (meter), metri = 1000 measure, meter. (See above, kilometri. I keep the agreement: metri - measure and metra the unit meter. So centimetra, kilometra, metra, milimetra remain with -a.) "simetri G* symmetry; symmetrical" item added (cf. asimetri). "metri 1++G measure; meter; size" changed meanings to "measure; dimension; mete {v}; meter {v}; size {measurements}". "metri [plu ] 1++ size" changed "++" to "+", changed "size" to "size {measurements}". "glu 1++ glue; stick {glue}" added meaning "size {glue}". "metri-ru ++ meter" changed meaning to "meter {measuring device}". "mikrometra + millionth/metre; millionth of a metre [one ]" item added. "mikron +G millionth/metre; millionth of a metre [one ]" changed "+" to "{prefer mikrometra} G". "perimetro +G perimeter" changed "+" to "{=perimetri} X". "perimetri G* perimeter" item added. mime and mimi (imitate/ nachahmen), "mime {=mimi} 1GX imitate". "mimi 1+G copy; imitate; mimic". ministra-pe and ministry-pe (minister/ Minister), ministra "ministry ministry" item deleted. "ministra ministry" item added. "ministry-pe minister" item deleted. "ministra-pe minister" item added. mio 1G and mios 1G and Mus 1 (mouse/ Maus) [mio also muscle] = muri ???, mio = mouse (myoscitis) mus = MG. also muri as in Latin murine, muriform, muridae, muriarium (I do not follow Wendy's preference, to avoid homonym mouse/muscle.) "mio 1G mouse; muscle" made to two items: "mio 1G mouse {animal}" and "mio G muscle". "Mios 1+G mouse" changed to "Mios {=mio, prefer Mus} GX mouse {animal}". "muri {prefer Mus} X mouse {animal}" item added. "glis dormouse {mouse}; mouse {dormouse}" changed meanings to "dormouse; mouse {especially dormouse}". "Mus 1++ mouse" changed meaning to "mouse {animal}; mouse {computer}", cf. PGN 86. "sminto G mouse" changed "mouse" to "mouse {especially field-mouse}; field-mouse", cf. Greek sminthos. "sorex mouse" changed "mouse" to "mouse {especially shrew}; shrew-mouse; shrew". "hirax +G shrew" cannot find Greek origin, Glosa and Greek "hierax" is "hawk". To avoid confusion with "hierax", removed "+". Greek "shrew" would be μυγαλ~η. misteri G (mystery) and misteria (mysterious) and mistika (mystic), "misteri 1++G mystery; weird" added meanings "mystic; mysterious" and "unexplained" (from Kevin Smith's list). "misteria ++ mysterious" removed "++". "mistika 1+G mystic" remains. mobila and mobili and mobilia and short form -mo (furniture/ Möbel), mobili "mobila furnish; furniture; piece of furniture" added "{=mobili} X". momenta and momento (moment/ Moment), "momenta 1 moment", "momento {=momenta} 1X moment" (from Español-bibli). momio and mumi (mummy/ Mumie), (from a letter from Wendy, 2002-01-25:) momio = egipti morta-soma. mumi = infanti dice pro matri (onomatopoeia) "momio mummy" added to "mummy" "{wrapped body}".